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IGCSE BIOLOGY > food production > Flashcards

food production Flashcards

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1
Q

how are glasshouses useful to increase crop yields

A

provides an enclosed environments so farmers can control the the climate inside

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2
Q

factors that can be manipulated in glasshouses

A

heating
lighting
CO2 cocntent
regular watering

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3
Q

polythene tunnels

A

large plastic tunnels that cover crops

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4
Q

what do polythene tunnels do

A

protect crops grown outside from the effect of weather
- increase temp
- prevent entry of pest

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5
Q

fetillizers

A

increase amount of key nutrients in soil

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6
Q

pesticides

A

chemicals kill off unwanted insects and weed species

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7
Q

types of fertillizers

A

organic fertillizers
chemical fertillizers

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8
Q

Organic fertiliser

A

compost or farmyard manure

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9
Q

chemical fertilisers

A

applied to soil as dry granules or sprayed on in liquid form

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10
Q

lack of nitrogen in plants

A

weak growth and yellowing of leaves

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11
Q

lack of phosphorus in plants

A

poor root growth and discolored leaves

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12
Q

use of potassium in plants

A

allows enzyme reactions to take place to produce ATP

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13
Q

lack of potassium in plants

A

poor growth of flowers
brown spots on leaves

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14
Q

why are weeds bad for crops

A

compete for space, water and nutrients

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15
Q

why are fungi bad for crops

A

infect crop plants, and spread disease

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16
Q

advantages of pesticides

A
  • cheap
  • accesible
  • have immediate effect
  • kills entire population of pests
17
Q

disadvantages of pesticides

A
  • build resistance
  • kill other organisms
  • persistent chemicals
  • repeatedly applied
18
Q

biological control

A

species introduced specifically to prey on pest

19
Q

advantages of biological control

A

no pollution
no resistance
target specific spiecies
long lasting

20
Q

disadvantages of biological control

A
  • they eat other organisms
  • long time to be effective
  • cant kill entire population
  • may not adapt to new environment
21
Q

what is yeast

A

a single celled fungus that can carry out both types of respiration

22
Q

products when yeast carries out anaerobic respiration

A

ethanol and co2

23
Q

making bread process

A
  • enzymes break down starch in flour releasing sugar
  • CO2 produced by yeast during anaerobic respiration is trapped in small air pockets
  • dough rises and baked
24
Q

what happens to the ethanol in the bread when its baked

A

it gets evaporated

25
Q

what is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called

A

fermentation

26
Q

why are bacteria useful

A

capable of producing complex molecules
- reproduce rapidly

27
Q

what heat is milk pasteurised at

A

85-95 degrees celcius

28
Q

why is it important to sterilise all equipment when making yoghurt

A

to kill unwanted bacteria and prevent chemical contamination

29
Q

why would contamination of other bacteria be bad for yoghurt

A

slows down the production of yoghurt by competing with lactobacillus

30
Q

why is yoghurt incubated

A

for lactobacillus to digest milk proteins and ferment the sugar

31
Q

why is lactobacillus bacteria important for yoghurt production

A

converts lactose into lactic acid and increases the acidity and thickens milk

32
Q

what a fermenters

A

containers used to culture microorganisms like bacteria and fungi in large amounts

33
Q

what are fermenters used for

A

production of beer and yoghurt

34
Q

advantages of fermenters

A

conditions can be carefully controlled to produce large quantities of right type of microorganism

35
Q

what has led to declines in fish population

A

overfishing

36
Q

fish farms

A

ways of raising large numbers of fish in small space to provide protein

37
Q

advantages of fish farm

A
  • selectively breed to ensure high quality
  • protect against predators
  • control water quality
  • control feeding

IGCSE BIOLOGY (22 decks)

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