inheritance condensed

Question 1

gamete

Answer 1

organisms reproductive cell which has half the number of chromosomes

Question 2

genome

Answer 2

entire DNA of an organism

Question 3

chromosome

Answer 3

strucutr found in the nucleus made up of long strands of DNA

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

short section of DNA which codes for a protein and contributes to a characteristic.

Question 5

allele

Answer 5

different forms of a gene

Question 6

dominant allele

Answer 6

only one is needed for it to be expressed and for the corresponding phenotype to be observed

Question 7

recessive allele

Answer 7

2 copies are needed for it to be expressed and for the corresponding phenotype to be observed

Question 8

homozygous

Answer 8

when both inherited alleles are the same

Question 9

heterozygous

Answer 9

when both inherited alleles is dominant and recessive

Question 10

genotype

Answer 10

the combination of alleles an individual has
eg. Aa

Question 11

phenotype

Answer 11

physical characteristics that are observed in the invidual, result of polygenic inheritance

Question 12

codominance

Answer 12

when neither allele in dominant over the other, so they both contribute to the phenotype

Question 13

what does DNA stand for

Answer 13

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 14

what is DNA made from

Answer 14

2 strands- double helix
polymer

Question 15

what is a nucleotide made from

Answer 15

one sugar
one phosphate group
one 4 different organic bases

Question 16

What codes for an amino acid

Answer 16

Three bases

Question 17

what are chromosomes made from

Answer 17

structures of long molecules of DNA

Question 18

mitosis

Answer 18

one cell divdes to from 2 identical daughter cells

Question 19

phase 1 of mitosis

Answer 19

interphase
- 46 chromosomes are replicate

Question 20

stage 2 mitosis

Answer 20

• chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
• spindle fibres pull each chromosome of the X to either sides

Question 21

stage 3 mitosis

Answer 21

• two identical cells form when a cytoplasm and cell membrane divde, each containing 46 chromosomes.

Question 22

when does mitosis occur

Answer 22

growth and development, replacing damaged cells, cloning.

Question 23

meiosis

Answer 23

formation of four non-identical cells from one cell.

Question 24

stage 1 of meiosis

Answer 24

• cell makes copies of its chromosomes, so it has double the amoutn of genetic info

Question 25

stage 2 meisosis

Answer 25

cell divides into 2 cells, each with half the number of chromosomes, giving 46 chromosomes

Question 26

stage 3 meiosis

Answer 26

each cell divdes into 2 again to produce 4 cells each with 23