Sedatives and Tranquilizers Flashcards
Acepromazine MOA
D2 antagonist
a1 antagonist
Acepromazine Therapeutic Use
antipsychotic
tranquilizer
sedative (good choice for patients with mild/mod CV dx)
Acepromazine Adverse Effects
caution in boxers and brachiocephalic dogs
Is Acepromazine approved for used in food animals?
NO
Promazine MOA
D2 antagonist
Promazine Therapeutic Uses
antipsychotic
tranquilizer
sedative
Chlorpromazine MOA
D2 antagonism in the CTZ in medulla
Chlorpromazine Therapeutic Uses
antiemetic in small animals
Chlorpromazine Adverse Effects
not recommended in horses - serve ataxia and altered mentation
Azaperone MOA
D2 anatagonist
D2 antagonist
5-GT antagonist
a1 antagonist
H1 antagonist
Azaperone Therapeutic Uses
sedative for wildlife/zoo/exotic
anti-anxiety - swine
anesthetic adjunct
Azaperone Adverse Effects
extrapyramidal signs
dysphoria
paraphimosis
Diazepam MOA
GABA-A agonist
Diazepam Therapeutic Uses
anticonvulsant
appetite stimulant in cats
induction agent
Diazepam Adverse Effects
pain on administration
hepatic necrosis - cats
Midazolam MOA
GABA-A agonist
Midazolam Therapeutic Uses
induction of anesthesia
Midazolam Adverse Effects
may not produce sedation in horses
Is Midazolam approved for use in food procuding animals?
NO
Lorazepam MOA
GABA-A agonist
Lorazepam Therapeutic Uses
epilepsy
Lorazepam Adverse Effects
pain on injection
Zolazepam MOA
GABA-A agonist
Zolazepam Therapeutic Uses
muscle relaxant
anesthesia
combined with tiletamine
Flumazenil MOA
benzodiazapine antagonist
blocks bzd binding to GABA-A
Flumazenil Therapeutic Uses
reverse effects of bzd
Flumazenil Adverse Effects
chronic bzd use - can cause seizures
extravasation - tissue inflammation + necrosis
Flumazenil Metabolism
metabolized in liver
excreted in urine
examples of sedative a2 agonist oral gels
Sileo - Dexmedetomidine gel (k9)
Dormosedan gel - horses
a2 agonist Therapeutic Uses
sedation
muscle relaxation
analgesia
anti-hypertensive
Dexmedotomidine Gel Therapeutic Use
noise anxiety in dogs, peak onset 30-45 min
a2 Agonist Adverse Effects (as a sedative)
dogs: muscle twitching
horses: head-bobbing and facial twitching
diuresis
emetic in cats
reflex bradycardia
hyperglycemia (horses and cows)
a2 agonist Contraindications
do not use in diabetic patients, patients with compromised cardiac functions, or excited animals
Exampls of a2 agonists
xylazine
detomidine
romidine
medetomidine
dexmedetomidine
a2 antagonists Therapeutic Uses
reverse sedation
Examples of a2 antagonists
tolazoline
yohimbine
atipamezole
a2 antagonist Adverse Effects
sudden death - cardiovascular collapse
seizures