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Pharm I > Hemostatics, Anticoagulants, Fibrinolytics, and Anti-platelet Drugs > Flashcards

Hemostatics, Anticoagulants, Fibrinolytics, and Anti-platelet Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Thromboplastin MOA

A

hemostatic
promotes conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

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2
Q

Thromboplastin therapeutic use

A

used in labs to measure prothrombin time during anticoagulant therapy

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3
Q

Where is thromboplastin from?

A

naturally priduced by platelets/tissues
powder extracted from bovine brain/acetone-extracted lungs

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4
Q

How is thromboplastin applied?

A

applied by a spray or a sponge

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5
Q

Thrombin MOA

A

hemostatic
converts endogenous fibrinogen to fibrin for clot formation

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6
Q

Thrombin therapeutic use

A

control bleeding from parenchymatous tissue, cancellous bone, dental sockets, laryngeal/nasal surgery, reconstructive surgery
adhesive agent for fixation of skin grafts

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7
Q

Thrombin adverse effects

A

not recommened for parenteral administration
IV administration = extensive intravascular clotting
SC/IM = local ischemia

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8
Q

How is thrombin applied?

A

applied topically as a powder/solution

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9
Q

Fibrinogen MOA

A

hemostatic
requires endogenous thrombin for conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

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10
Q

Fibrinogen therapeutic use

A

control bleeding from denuded mucous membranes
adhesive in skin grafts
massive blood loss/acute hypofibrinogemia

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11
Q

Fibrin foam MOA

A

hemostatic
traps blood oozing from the surface area

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12
Q

Fibrin foam therapeutic use

A

applied directly with pressure after pre-soaking in thrombin solution

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13
Q

Is fibrin foam soluble?

A

NO - insoluble substance

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14
Q

Describe fibrin foam

A

strips of white sponge like material prepared from human fibrinogen

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15
Q

Absorbable geltatin sponge (Gelfoam) MOA

A

hemostatic
absorbs several times its weight of whole blood

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16
Q

Absorbable gelatin sponge therapeutic use

A

capillary/venous bleeding

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17
Q

How is absorable gelatin sponge applied?

A

soaked in bovine thrombin and applied over the bleeding area

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18
Q

How long does it take for gelfoam to liquify and then absorb?

A

liquifies in 3-5 days
completely absorbs in 4-6 weeks

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19
Q

Oxidized cellulose MOA

A

hemostatic
facilitates coagulation reaction between hemoglobin and cellulosic acid
forms a gummy matrix to facilitate clot formation

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20
Q

Oxidized cellulose therapeutic use

A

used as temporary packing

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21
Q

Oxidized cellulose adverse effects

A

permanent implantation may interfere with bone regeneration and epithelialization
cyst formation
can delay wound healing

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22
Q

How is oxidized cellulose applied?

A

surgical gauze/sponge

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23
Q

Microcrystalline collagen MOA

A

hemostatic
surface hemostatic agent

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24
Q

Microcrystalline collagen therapeutic use

A

treatment of clotting factor deficiencies
surgery of liver and spleen

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25
Application and duration of microcrystalline collagen
abdorable sponge - 6 weeks
26
Epinephrine MOA
hemostatic alpha 1 agonist produces immediate vasoconstriction
27
Epinephrine therapeutic use
vasoconstrictor - controls bleeding from small vessels
28
Hemostatic dressing - alginate therapeutic use
excessive bleeding
29
Describe the hemostatic dressing - quikclot
non-antigenic kaolin impregnanted polyester gauze
30
Hemostatic dressing - quikclot MOA
factor XII activation
31
Describe the hemostatic dressing - chitosan
organic polymer from crustacean shells
32
Styptics MOA
locally acting hemostatic astringent substances precipitates blood proteins and soft tissue and seals off ruptured vessels
33
Styptics adverse effects
high concentrations = sloughing of tissues/hemorrhage
34
How are styptics applied?
powders dusted onto the bleeding area
35
Blood therapeutic use (as a hemostatic)
emergency treatment of acute hemorrhagic syndrome with deficiency of clotting factors/platelets
36
Vitamin K MOA
hemostatic aids in the production of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X produces active protein C and S - anticoagulants
37
Vitamin K therapeutic uses
ingestion of vitamin K antagonist sweet clover poisoning rodenticide poisoning
38
Vitamin K adverse reactions
IV administration can cause anaphylaxis
39
Unique feature of Vitamin K
safe for parenteral administration fatty meals enhance oral absorption
40
Desmopressin acetate MOA
hemostatic releases stored vonWillebran factor from endothelial cells and macrophages
41
Desmopressin acetate therapeutic use
controls capillary bleeding from wounds vWF diease hemophillia A thrombocytopenia
42
Desmopressin acetate adverse effects
repeated administration reduces effectiveness of drugs
43
Protamine sulfate MOA
hemostatic interferes with the reaction of thrombin and fibrinogen
44
Protamine sulfate therapeutic use
antagonize heparin-induced hemorrhagic action
45
Where does protamine sulfate come from?
fish sperm
46
How is protamine sulfate administered?
slow IV
47
Heparin MOA
anticoagulant binds reversibly to antithrombin III - inhibits thrombin and factor Xa binds to endothelial cells - neg charge - inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation increases plasminogen activator and tissue factor inhibitor
48
Heparin therapeutic use
disseminated intravascular coagaulation arterial thrombi - cats decrease risk factors during heartworm adulticide treatment thromboemboli prevent thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
49
Heparin adverse effects
hemorrhage IV = hematoma equines - anemia
50
Where is heparin metabolized?
liver
51
Antitode for heparin toxicity
protamine supplemented with fresh blood
52
Examples of vitamin K antagonists
dicumarol warfarin sodium
53
Vitamin K antagonist MOA
anticoagulant inhibition of hepatic synthesis of Vit K dependent clotting factors (factors II, VII, IX, and X) anticoagulant activity after 12-24 hours
54
Duration of action of Vitamin K antagonists
2-5 days
55
Vitamin K antagonist therapeutic use
prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis
56
Vitamin K antagonist adverse effects
hemorrhage
57
Where are vitamin K antagonists metabolized and stored?
metabolized and stored in the liver
58
Streptokinase MOA
fibrinolytic complexes with plasminogen to produce plasmin
59
Streptokinase therapeutic use
eczema dermatitis cellulitis hematoma trauma sinusitis cysts fractures with fistulous tracts
60
Streptokinase adverse effects
systemic fibrinolysis
61
Where does streptokinase come from?
from beta-hemolytic streptococcus spp.
62
How long does it take for streptokinase to work?
liquifation of blood clot occurs in 30min-12hours
63
Tissue plasminogen and Aletplase MOA
fibrinolytic selectively acts on plasminogen in fibrin clots
64
Tissue plasminogen and Aletplase therapeutic use
lysis on aortic thromboemboli in cats good for acute myocardial infraction or brain stroke
65
Antidote for tissue plasminogen toxicity
antiplasmin
66
Urokinase MOA
fibrinolytic activator of plasminogen
67
Urokinase therapeutic use
used in dogs to prevent post-op adhesions when administered as a lavage into peritoneal cavity
68
Where is urokinase from?
isolated from human urine
69
Asprin MOA
anti-platelet drug irreversibly binds COX - inhibits prostaglandin production and thromboxane A2 production
70
Asprin therapeutic use
NSAID used in dogs to decrease the severity of heartworm emboli blood thinner in dogs and cats
71
Ticlopidine MOA
anti-platelet drug P2Y12 receptor inhibitor on platelets - inhibits aggregation
72
Clopidogrel MOA
anti-platelet prodrug - biotransformed into active drug
73
Clopidogrel therapeutic use
commonly used with asprin safe to use in cats for arterial thrombi
74
Dipyridamole MOA
anti-platelet inhibits phosphodiesterase - increase cAMP in platelet - prevents aggregation
75
Dipyridamole therapeutic use
synergistic with asprin little effect if used alone

Pharm I (15 decks)

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