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Pharm I > Anticonvulsants > Flashcards

Anticonvulsants Flashcards

1
Q

Phenobarbital MOA

A

GABA-A agonist

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2
Q

Phenobarbital Therapeutic Uses

A

most widely used anticonvulsant - acute and maintenance

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3
Q

Phenobarbital Adverse Effects

A

sedation
polyphagia
PU/PD
panting
hepatoxicity
blood dyscrasia
alter thyroxine levels

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4
Q

Phenobarbital Metabolism

A

hepatic metabolism via CYP450 enzymes

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5
Q

Pentobarbital MOA

A

GABA-A agonist

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6
Q

Pentobarbital Therapeutic Uses

A

emergency treatment of acute seizures = short acting

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7
Q

Primidone MOA

A

GABA-A agonist

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8
Q

Primidone Therapeutic Use

A

refractory anticonvulsant if phenobarbital is not working

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9
Q

Primidone Adverse Effects

A

hepatic toxicity

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10
Q

Primidone Contraindications

A

DO NOT USE IN CATS

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11
Q

Diazepam MOA

A

GABA-A agonist

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12
Q

Diazepam Therapetuic Use

A

appetite stimulant for cats
anticonvulsant
(different dosages)

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13
Q

Diazepam Adverse Effects

A

hepatic toxicosis in cats

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14
Q

Is diazepam used for maintence of seizure disorders?

A

NO - tolerance and cross tolerance can develop

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15
Q

Clonazepam MOA

A

GABA-A agonist

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16
Q

Clonazepam Therapeutic Uses

A

anticonvulsant in cats - no hepatic damage
refractory treatment for dogs that do not respond to phenobarbital

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17
Q

Clonazepam Adverse Effects

A

withdrawal syndrome - taper off the dose

18
Q

Clorazepate MOA

A

GABA-A agonist

19
Q

Clorazepate Therapeutic Uses

A

refractory condition
safe for cats

20
Q

WHat is Clorazepate metabolized into?

A

desmethyldiazepam - active metabolite of diazepam

21
Q

Midazolam MOA

A

GABA-A agonist

22
Q

Midazolam Therapeutic Use

A

acute anticonvulsant action

23
Q

Potassium Bromide MOA

A

compete with Cl- transport at GABA receptors = hyperpolarization
stabilizes neuronal CMs

24
Q

Potassium Bromide elimination/metabolism/half-life

A

glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
long elimination half-life

25
Q

Potassium Bromide Therapeutic Use

A

add onto phenobarbital therapy (refractory seizures)
can be used alone if hepatic damage

26
Q

Potassium Bromide adverse effects

A

weakness
depression
ataxia
bromism: coughing in cats

27
Q

Potassium Bromide special considerations

A

diets high with Cl- influence bromide secretion

28
Q

Zonisamide MOA

A

block Na and T-type Ca2+ channels - inhibits depolarization
stabilizes neuronal membrane

29
Q

Zonisamide Adverse Effects

A

ataxia
vomiting
sedating

30
Q

Zonisamide ADME

A

rapid and complete abdorption
wide distribution
partly excreted unchanged
partly undergoes glucuronidation

31
Q

Levetiracetam MOA

A

modulates Ca2+ dependent NT release
binds SNARE protein 2A - prevents exocytosis

32
Q

Levetiracetam Therapeutic Uses

A

preferred for patients with liver dx
more potent - used in refractory epilepsy

33
Q

Drug combinations for Levetiracetam

A

phenobarbital/potassium bromide

34
Q

Gabapentin MOA

A

binds a2-delta subunit of Ca2+v
reduces Ca2+ influx - inhibits exocytosis of NT

35
Q

Gabapentin Therapeutic Uses

A

anticonvulsant
neuropathic path

36
Q

Can Gabapentin cross the BBB?

A

requires amino acid transporter

37
Q

Gabapentin half-life

38
Q

Felbamate MOA

A

NMDA antagonist
potentiates GABA mediated neuronal inhibition

39
Q

Felbamate therapeutic uses

A

local and generalized seizures
refractory seizures (last option bc expensive)

40
Q

Carbamazepine MOA

A

inhibition of Navs

41
Q

Carbamazepine therapeutic uses

A

treat neuropathic pain and manic-depressive illness

42
Q

Carbamazepine ADME

A

slow absorption
long elimination half-life
hepatic metabolism

Pharm I (15 decks)

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