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Pharm I > Muscle Relaxants > Flashcards

Muscle Relaxants Flashcards

1
Q

Guaifenesin MOA

A

centrally acting muscle relaxant

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2
Q

Guaifenesin Duration of Action

A

lasts 15-30 minutes

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3
Q

Guaifenesin Therapeutic Use

A

induction and maintenance of anesthesia of horses
no analgesic effects

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4
Q

Guaifenesin Adverse Effects

A

ataxia and poor recovery (overdose)

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5
Q

Guaifenesin Cautions

A

NEVER use in awake horses

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6
Q

Guaifenesin can be used in combination with

A

xylazine and ketamine
Triple Drip

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7
Q

Methocarbamol MOA

A

centrally acting muscle relaxant

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8
Q

Methocarbamol Onset

A

short term

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9
Q

Methocarbamol Therapeutic Use

A

management of IVDD

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10
Q

Benzodiazapines MOA

A

GABA agonist

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11
Q

Benzodiazapine Therapeutic Uses

A

anticonvulsant
anesthesia adjunct
muscle relaxer
anti-anxiety

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12
Q

Diazapam Drug Class

A

benzodiazapine
GABA agonist

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13
Q

Diazapam Therapeutic Use

A

appetite stimulant

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14
Q

Atracurium MOA

A

neuromuscular junction blocker
nACh receptor antagonist
non-depolarizing

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15
Q

Atracurium Onset of Action

A

intermediate
5 minutes

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16
Q

Atracurium Duration of Action

A

30-40 minutes

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17
Q

Atracurium Therapeutic Uses

A

relaxing skeletal muscle
used in cats, dogs, horses

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18
Q

Is Atracurium recommended for animals with hepatic or renal insufficiency?

A

yes

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19
Q

Atracurium Adverse Effects

A

transient hypotension

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20
Q

Atracurium Drug Interactions

A

DO NOT use with aminoglycoside antibiotics - synergistic, potentiates effect

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21
Q

Cisatracurium MOA

A

neuromuscular junction block
non-depolarizing

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22
Q

Cisatracurium Elimination/Metabolism

A

eliminated via Hoffmann elimination

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23
Q

Cisatracurium Onset of Action

A

5 minutes

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24
Q

Cisatracurium Duration of Action

A

30 minutes

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25
Q

Cisatracurium Therapeutic Use

A

muscle relaxant in dogs, cats, horses

26
Q

Mivacurium MOA

A

short acting neuromuscular blocker
non-depolarizing

27
Q

Mivacurium Elimination/Metabolism

A

metabolized by AChE

28
Q

Mivacurium Onset of Action

29
Q

Mivacurium Duration of Action

A

15-20 minutes

30
Q

Doxacurium MOA

A

slow acting neuromuscular blocker
non-depolarizing

31
Q

Doxacurium Onset of Action

A

slow onset - 40 minutes

32
Q

Doxacurium Duration of Action

A

long duration - 100-120 minutes

33
Q

Doxacurium Adverse Effects

A

increased histamine release and cardiovascular side effects

34
Q

Pacuronium MOA

A

neuromuscular blocker
non-depolarizing agent

35
Q

Pancuronium Metabolism/Elimination

A

excreted by kidney
remaining metabolized by the liver

36
Q

Pacuronium Onset of Action

A

dose dependent
5 minutes

37
Q

Pancuronium Duration of Action

A

long duration
60 minutes

38
Q

Pancuronium Therapeutic Uses

A

severe muscle paralysis

39
Q

Pancuronium Adverse Effects

A

causes PGI2 release = vasodilation
vagolytic activity = increase heart rate

40
Q

Pancuronium Cautions and Considerations

A

shows cumulative effect - avoid constant infusion

41
Q

Vecuronium MOA

A

neuromuscular junction blocker
non-depolarizing agent

42
Q

Vecuronium Metabolism/Elimination

A

metabolized in the liver
renal elimination

43
Q

Vecuronium Onset of Action

A

dose dependent
5 minutes

44
Q

Vecuronium Duration of Action

A

intermediate duration
30 minutes
120 minutes in HORSES

45
Q

Rocuronium MOA

A

neuromuscular junction blocking
non-depolarizing agent

46
Q

Rocuronium Metabolism/Elimination

A

metabolized by the liver
renal elimination

47
Q

Rocuronium Onset of Action

A

rapid
1-2 minutes

47
Q

Rocuronium Duration of Effect

A

intermediate duration
20-30 minutes

48
Q

Gantacurium MOA

A

neuromuscular junction blocker
non-depolarizing agent

48
Q

Gantacurium Metabolism/Effect

A

degraded by plasma pH sensitive chemical hydrolysis
inactivated by cysteine adduction

49
Q

Gantacurium Onset of Action

A

rapid
1-2 minutes

50
Q

Gantacurium Duration of Effect

A

ultrashort duration
20-30 minutes

51
Q

Reversal of Gantacurium Effects

A

reversal by ChE
cysteine substition

52
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride MOA

A

neuromuscular junction block
phase 1 and phase 2
DEPOLARIZING agent

53
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride Considerations

A

rapid hydrolysis of plasma butyrylcholinesterase = decline in ChE activity = prolonged recovery

54
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride Onset of Action

A

rapid onset

55
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride Duration of Action

A

ultrashort duration
6-10 muinutes

56
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride Adverse Effects

A

generalized autonomic stimulation
cardiac dysrthmias
hyperkalemia
increase intraocular pressure
hyperthermia
muscle pain

57
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride Drug Interactions

A

use cautiously with catecholamines

58
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride Contraindications

A

contraindicated in digitalized patients

59
Q

Sugammadex MOA

A

selective relaxant binding agent
neuromuscular junction blocker

60
Q

Sugammadex Therapeutic Uses

A

reverse effects of non-depolarizing agents
rocuronium, vecuronium, pancuronium

Pharm I (15 decks)

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