Muscle Relaxants

Question 1

Guaifenesin MOA

Answer 1

centrally acting muscle relaxant

Question 2

Guaifenesin Duration of Action

Answer 2

lasts 15-30 minutes

Question 3

Guaifenesin Therapeutic Use

Answer 3

induction and maintenance of anesthesia of horses
no analgesic effects

Question 4

Guaifenesin Adverse Effects

Answer 4

ataxia and poor recovery (overdose)

Question 5

Guaifenesin Cautions

Answer 5

NEVER use in awake horses

Question 6

Guaifenesin can be used in combination with

Answer 6

xylazine and ketamine
Triple Drip

Question 7

Methocarbamol MOA

Answer 7

centrally acting muscle relaxant

Question 8

Methocarbamol Onset

Answer 8

short term

Question 9

Methocarbamol Therapeutic Use

Answer 9

management of IVDD

Question 10

Benzodiazapines MOA

Answer 10

GABA agonist

Question 11

Benzodiazapine Therapeutic Uses

Answer 11

anticonvulsant
anesthesia adjunct
muscle relaxer
anti-anxiety

Question 12

Diazapam Drug Class

Answer 12

benzodiazapine
GABA agonist

Question 13

Diazapam Therapeutic Use

Answer 13

appetite stimulant

Question 14

Atracurium MOA

Answer 14

neuromuscular junction blocker
nACh receptor antagonist
non-depolarizing

Question 15

Atracurium Onset of Action

Answer 15

intermediate
5 minutes

Question 16

Atracurium Duration of Action

Answer 16

30-40 minutes

Question 17

Atracurium Therapeutic Uses

Answer 17

relaxing skeletal muscle
used in cats, dogs, horses

Question 18

Is Atracurium recommended for animals with hepatic or renal insufficiency?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

Atracurium Adverse Effects

Answer 19

transient hypotension

Question 20

Atracurium Drug Interactions

Answer 20

DO NOT use with aminoglycoside antibiotics - synergistic, potentiates effect

Question 21

Cisatracurium MOA

Answer 21

neuromuscular junction block
non-depolarizing

Question 22

Cisatracurium Elimination/Metabolism

Answer 22

eliminated via Hoffmann elimination

Question 23

Cisatracurium Onset of Action

Answer 23

5 minutes

Question 24

Cisatracurium Duration of Action

Answer 24

30 minutes

Question 25

Cisatracurium Therapeutic Use

Answer 25

muscle relaxant in dogs, cats, horses

Question 26

Mivacurium MOA

Answer 26

short acting neuromuscular blocker non-depolarizing

Question 27

Mivacurium Elimination/Metabolism

Answer 27

metabolized by AChE

Question 28

Mivacurium Onset of Action

Answer 28

5 minutes

Question 29

Mivacurium Duration of Action

Answer 29

15-20 minutes

Question 30

Doxacurium MOA

Answer 30

slow acting neuromuscular blocker non-depolarizing

Question 31

Doxacurium Onset of Action

Answer 31

slow onset - 40 minutes

Question 32

Doxacurium Duration of Action

Answer 32

long duration - 100-120 minutes

Question 33

Doxacurium Adverse Effects

Answer 33

increased histamine release and cardiovascular side effects

Question 34

Pacuronium MOA

Answer 34

neuromuscular blocker non-depolarizing agent

Question 35

Pancuronium Metabolism/Elimination

Answer 35

excreted by kidney remaining metabolized by the liver

Question 36

Pacuronium Onset of Action

Answer 36

dose dependent 5 minutes

Question 37

Pancuronium Duration of Action

Answer 37

long duration 60 minutes

Question 38

Pancuronium Therapeutic Uses

Answer 38

severe muscle paralysis

Question 39

Pancuronium Adverse Effects

Answer 39

causes PGI2 release = vasodilation vagolytic activity = increase heart rate

Question 40

Pancuronium Cautions and Considerations

Answer 40

shows cumulative effect - avoid constant infusion

Question 41

Vecuronium MOA

Answer 41

neuromuscular junction blocker non-depolarizing agent

Question 42

Vecuronium Metabolism/Elimination

Answer 42

metabolized in the liver renal elimination

Question 43

Vecuronium Onset of Action

Answer 43

dose dependent 5 minutes

Question 44

Vecuronium Duration of Action

Answer 44

intermediate duration 30 minutes 120 minutes in HORSES

Question 45

Rocuronium MOA

Answer 45

neuromuscular junction blocking non-depolarizing agent

Question 46

Rocuronium Metabolism/Elimination

Answer 46

metabolized by the liver renal elimination

Question 47

Rocuronium Onset of Action

Answer 47

rapid 1-2 minutes

Question 47

Rocuronium Duration of Effect

Answer 47

intermediate duration 20-30 minutes

Question 48

Gantacurium MOA

Answer 48

neuromuscular junction blocker non-depolarizing agent

Question 48

Gantacurium Metabolism/Effect

Answer 48

degraded by plasma pH sensitive chemical hydrolysis inactivated by cysteine adduction

Question 49

Gantacurium Onset of Action

Answer 49

rapid 1-2 minutes

Question 50

Gantacurium Duration of Effect

Answer 50

ultrashort duration 20-30 minutes

Question 51

Reversal of Gantacurium Effects

Answer 51

reversal by ChE cysteine substition

Question 52

Succinylcholine Chloride MOA

Answer 52

neuromuscular junction block phase 1 and phase 2 DEPOLARIZING agent

Question 53

Succinylcholine Chloride Considerations

Answer 53

rapid hydrolysis of plasma butyrylcholinesterase = decline in ChE activity = prolonged recovery

Question 54

Succinylcholine Chloride Onset of Action

Answer 54

rapid onset

Question 55

Succinylcholine Chloride Duration of Action

Answer 55

ultrashort duration 6-10 muinutes

Question 56

Succinylcholine Chloride Adverse Effects

Answer 56

generalized autonomic stimulation cardiac dysrthmias hyperkalemia increase intraocular pressure hyperthermia muscle pain

Question 57

Succinylcholine Chloride Drug Interactions

Answer 57

use cautiously with catecholamines

Question 58

Succinylcholine Chloride Contraindications

Answer 58

contraindicated in digitalized patients

Question 59

Sugammadex MOA

Answer 59

selective relaxant binding agent neuromuscular junction blocker

Question 60

Sugammadex Therapeutic Uses

Answer 60

reverse effects of non-depolarizing agents rocuronium, vecuronium, pancuronium