Histamine and Serotonin Flashcards
Histamine phosphate MOA
histamine agonist
Histamine phosphate therapeutic uses
test agent for achlorhydria
mediate hydrochloric acid secretion
Betazole MOA
H2 receptor agonist
Betazole therapeutic uses
increases gastric acid secretion
Betazole adverse effects
negative test = atrophic gastritis
First and second generation antihistamines MOA
H1 antagonist
Antihistamines therapeutic uses
allergy/anaphylaxis
atopic dermatitis
respiratory disorders
horses: pregnancy laminitis, myoglobinuria/azoturia, periodic opthalmia
bovines: bloat, acetonemia, mastitis, metritis, retained placenta, pregnancy toxemia
pigs: gut edema
Antihistamines adverse effects
polyphagia
intestinal disorders
drug tolerance
First generation antihistamine adverse effects
CNS depression
antimuscarinic effects
Cyproheptadine adverse effects
polyphagia and sedation in cats
Cromolyn sodium MOA
histamine release inhibitor
opens Cl- channels – hyperpolarizes cell membrane of mast cells
Cromolyn sodium therapeutic uses
nasal allergies in horses (nebuloxation)
allergic conjunctivitis
When is cromolyn sodium used?
prophylactic
Examples of SSRIs
citalopram
setraline
fluoxetine
paroxetine
fluvoxamine
venlafaxine
SSRI MOA
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
SSRI therapeutic use
treating depression and other behavioral disorders in small animals
Ergot alkaloids MOA
5-HT2 receptor agonist
Ergot alkaloids therapeutic use
ergonovine/ergometrine: control postpartum hemorrhage, uterine involution
stimulates smooth muscle contraction
Buspirone MOA
5-HT1 agonist
Buspirone therapeutic use
antianxiety
Cisapride MOA
5-HT4 agonist
GI prokinetic agent: increase ACh release and GI motility
Ciapride therapeutic use
gastric stasis
reflux esophagitis
constipation associated with megacolon in cats
Ciapride adverse effects
diarrhea
colic
Metoclopramide MOA
5-HT4 agonist
D2 antagonist
Metoclopramide therapeutic uses
gastric stasis
reflex esophagitis
antiemetic
Metoclopramide adverse effect
changes in mood/behavior
diarrhea
Cyproheptadine MOA
5-HT4 agonist
H1 antihistamine
Cyproheptadine therapeutic use
appetite stimulant - cats
feline bronchial asthma/pruitis
photic head shaking - horses
Cyproheptadine adverse effects
sedation
antimuscaric activity
anorexia
lethary
polyphagia - at higher doses
Ketanserin MOA
5-HT2 antagonist
alpha adrenergic antagonist
H1 antihistamine
Ketanserin therapeutic uses
ergovaline induced vasoconstriction
prevent hypergranulation
prevent infection of equine lower limb wounds
Methysergide MOA
5-HT2 antagonist
Methysergide therapeutic use
mirgraines in humans
carinoid syndrome to increase GI motility
Ondansetron/Granisetron MOA
5-HT3 antagonist
Ondansetron/Granisetron therapeutic use
antimetic
