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Pharm I > Injectable Anesthetics > Flashcards

Injectable Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Thiopental (Penthal) drug class

A

barbiturate injectable anesthetics

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2
Q

Thiopental MOA

A

GABA-A agonist

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3
Q

Thiopental Therapeutic Use

A

anesthesia
preferred for patients with CNS diseases

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4
Q

Can thiopental be mixed with other drugs?

A

can be mized with propofol for synergistic effect

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5
Q

Thiopental Adverse Effects

A

not reccommended for greyhounds
requires prior sedation in horses to prevent excitement and incoordination
swine: prolonged recoveries

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6
Q

Thiopental Duration of Action

A

ultrashort 20 min

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7
Q

Phenobarbitol drug class

A

barbiturate injectable anesthetic

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8
Q

Phenobarbital MOA

A

GABA-A agonist

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9
Q

Phenobarbital Therapeutic Use

A

anticonvulsant for long term seizure control
treat strychnine poisoning/tetanus

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9
Q

Phenobarbital duration of action

A

long acting 12 hours

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10
Q

Methahexital drug class

A

barbiturate injectable anesthetic

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10
Q

Methohexital MOA

A

GABA-A agonist

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10
Q

Methohexital duration of action

A

ultrashort 10-15 min

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11
Q

Methohexital Therapeutic Use

A

anesthesia

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12
Q

Methohexital Adverse Effects

A

not for seziure patients

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13
Q

Methohexital Benefits

A

greyhounds recover faster

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14
Q

Pentobarbital (Nembutal) drug class

A

barbiturate injectable anesthetics

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15
Q

Pentobarbital MOA

A

GABA-A agonist

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16
Q

Pentobarbital duration of action

A

short acting 1-2 hours

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17
Q

Pentobarbital Therapeutic Uses

A

anesthesia - good for rodents
euthanasia
anticonvulsant

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18
Q

Pentobarbital metabolism

A

extensive hepatic metabolism
cooking does not inacticate meat of euthanized animals

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19
Q

Propfol MOA

A

GABA-A agonist

20
Q

Propofol Therapeutic Uses

A

anesthesia
anticonvulsant

21
Q

Propofol Benefits

A

good for patients with CNS disease
best for dogs with severe liver disease

22
Q

Propofol Adverse Effects

A

delayed recovery in cats
pain on injection
wound infection
propofol syndrome
heinz-body formation in cats, followed by anorexia and diarrhea

23
Q

Does propofol provide analgesia?

A

NO

24
Q

What are the specific effects of Propofol in greyhounds and geriatric dogs?

A

prolonged effects

25
Q

Etomidate MOA

A

GABA-A agonist

26
Q

Etomidate therapeutic use

A

induction of anesthesia in animals with cardiovascular disease

27
Q

Etomidate adverse effects

A

myoclonus - attenuate w BZ or opioid
RBC hemolyisis
supression of adrenal function

28
Q

Does Etomidate provide analgesia?

A

NO analgesia

29
Q

Can Etomidate be used for maintenance of anesthesia?

A

NO but effects last for 6 hours

30
Q

Alfaxalone MOA

A

GABA-A agonist

31
Q

Alfaxlone Therapeutic Use

A

induction and maintenance of anesthesia

32
Q

Benefits of anfaxlone in greyhounds?

A

alternative to propfol

33
Q

How is alfazalone used in horses?

A

induction agent combined with ace, xylazine and guaifenesin

34
Q

Alfaxalone Adverse Effects

A

respiratory depression
poor induction and recovery if used alone
CVS depression

35
Q

Does alfaxalone provide analgesia?

A

NO

36
Q

Ketamine drug class

A

dissociative anesthetic

37
Q

Ketamine MOA

A

NMDA anatgonist
multimodal effects

38
Q

Ketamine Therapeutic Use

A

induction agent used in large, small and exotic animals
maintenance adjunct
analgesia

39
Q

Benefits of Ketamine

A

bronchodilation - good choice for asthamtics/COPD

40
Q

Ketamine Adverse Effects

A

emergence delirium
cough and laryngospasm
pain on IM inj

41
Q

Ketamine Precautions

A

caution in patients with cardiovascular disease
not for patients with elevated intraocular or intracranial pressure

42
Q

Is ketamine metabolized to an active metabolite? If so, what is it called?

A

yes, norketamine

43
Q

Tiletamine drug class

A

dissociative injectable anesthetic

44
Q

Tiletamine MOA

A

NMDA anatgonist

45
Q

Tiletamine Onset of Action

A

rapid onset

46
Q

Tiletamine Therapeutic Use

A

induction and maintenace of anesthesia

47
Q

Common combination with tiletamine?

A

zolazepam
(telazol)

48
Q

Species sentivity to tiletamine compared to zolazepam

A

cats and pigs: zolazepam > tiletamine

dogs and horses:
tiletamine > zolazepam

49
Q

Concerns/Controversies with Tiletamine

A

tigers: slow ataxic recoveries, neurological dysfunction, death

white rabbits: lethal renal tubular necrosis (New Zealand)

50
Q

Precautions when using Tiletamine

A

never use as the sole agent in horses

Pharm I (15 decks)

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