Injectable Anesthetics

Question 1

Thiopental (Penthal) drug class

Answer 1

barbiturate injectable anesthetics

Question 2

Thiopental MOA

Answer 2

GABA-A agonist

Question 3

Thiopental Therapeutic Use

Answer 3

anesthesia
preferred for patients with CNS diseases

Question 4

Can thiopental be mixed with other drugs?

Answer 4

can be mized with propofol for synergistic effect

Question 5

Thiopental Adverse Effects

Answer 5

not reccommended for greyhounds
requires prior sedation in horses to prevent excitement and incoordination
swine: prolonged recoveries

Question 6

Thiopental Duration of Action

Answer 6

ultrashort 20 min

Question 7

Phenobarbitol drug class

Answer 7

barbiturate injectable anesthetic

Question 8

Phenobarbital MOA

Answer 8

GABA-A agonist

Question 9

Phenobarbital Therapeutic Use

Answer 9

anticonvulsant for long term seizure control
treat strychnine poisoning/tetanus

Question 9

Phenobarbital duration of action

Answer 9

long acting 12 hours

Question 10

Methahexital drug class

Answer 10

barbiturate injectable anesthetic

Question 10

Methohexital MOA

Answer 10

GABA-A agonist

Question 10

Methohexital duration of action

Answer 10

ultrashort 10-15 min

Question 11

Methohexital Therapeutic Use

Answer 11

anesthesia

Question 12

Methohexital Adverse Effects

Answer 12

not for seziure patients

Question 13

Methohexital Benefits

Answer 13

greyhounds recover faster

Question 14

Pentobarbital (Nembutal) drug class

Answer 14

barbiturate injectable anesthetics

Question 15

Pentobarbital MOA

Answer 15

GABA-A agonist

Question 16

Pentobarbital duration of action

Answer 16

short acting 1-2 hours

Question 17

Pentobarbital Therapeutic Uses

Answer 17

anesthesia - good for rodents
euthanasia
anticonvulsant

Question 18

Pentobarbital metabolism

Answer 18

extensive hepatic metabolism
cooking does not inacticate meat of euthanized animals

Question 19

Propfol MOA

Answer 19

GABA-A agonist

Question 20

Propofol Therapeutic Uses

Answer 20

anesthesia
anticonvulsant

Question 21

Propofol Benefits

Answer 21

good for patients with CNS disease
best for dogs with severe liver disease

Question 22

Propofol Adverse Effects

Answer 22

delayed recovery in cats pain on injection wound infection propofol syndrome heinz-body formation in cats, followed by anorexia and diarrhea

Question 23

Does propofol provide analgesia?

Answer 23

NO

Question 24

What are the specific effects of Propofol in greyhounds and geriatric dogs?

Answer 24

prolonged effects

Question 25

Etomidate MOA

Answer 25

GABA-A agonist

Question 26

Etomidate therapeutic use

Answer 26

induction of anesthesia in animals with cardiovascular disease

Question 27

Etomidate adverse effects

Answer 27

myoclonus - attenuate w BZ or opioid RBC hemolyisis supression of adrenal function

Question 28

Does Etomidate provide analgesia?

Answer 28

NO analgesia

Question 29

Can Etomidate be used for maintenance of anesthesia?

Answer 29

NO but effects last for 6 hours

Question 30

Alfaxalone MOA

Answer 30

GABA-A agonist

Question 31

Alfaxlone Therapeutic Use

Answer 31

induction and maintenance of anesthesia

Question 32

Benefits of anfaxlone in greyhounds?

Answer 32

alternative to propfol

Question 33

How is alfazalone used in horses?

Answer 33

induction agent combined with ace, xylazine and guaifenesin

Question 34

Alfaxalone Adverse Effects

Answer 34

respiratory depression poor induction and recovery if used alone CVS depression

Question 35

Does alfaxalone provide analgesia?

Answer 35

NO

Question 36

Ketamine drug class

Answer 36

dissociative anesthetic

Question 37

Ketamine MOA

Answer 37

NMDA anatgonist multimodal effects

Question 38

Ketamine Therapeutic Use

Answer 38

induction agent used in large, small and exotic animals maintenance adjunct analgesia

Question 39

Benefits of Ketamine

Answer 39

bronchodilation - good choice for asthamtics/COPD

Question 40

Ketamine Adverse Effects

Answer 40

emergence delirium cough and laryngospasm pain on IM inj

Question 41

Ketamine Precautions

Answer 41

caution in patients with cardiovascular disease not for patients with elevated intraocular or intracranial pressure

Question 42

Is ketamine metabolized to an active metabolite? If so, what is it called?

Answer 42

yes, norketamine

Question 43

Tiletamine drug class

Answer 43

dissociative injectable anesthetic

Question 44

Tiletamine MOA

Answer 44

NMDA anatgonist

Question 45

Tiletamine Onset of Action

Answer 45

rapid onset

Question 46

Tiletamine Therapeutic Use

Answer 46

induction and maintenace of anesthesia

Question 47

Common combination with tiletamine?

Answer 47

zolazepam (telazol)

Question 48

Species sentivity to tiletamine compared to zolazepam

Answer 48

cats and pigs: zolazepam > tiletamine dogs and horses: tiletamine > zolazepam

Question 49

Concerns/Controversies with Tiletamine

Answer 49

tigers: slow ataxic recoveries, neurological dysfunction, death white rabbits: lethal renal tubular necrosis (New Zealand)

Question 50

Precautions when using Tiletamine

Answer 50

never use as the sole agent in horses