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Pharmacology > Sedatives > Flashcards

Sedatives Flashcards

1
Q

The time required to eliminate 50% of the drug existing in the body is described as

A

half life

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2
Q

Many drugs bind to _ _ when they enter the circulatory system

A

plasma proteins

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3
Q

Drugs exist in the blood plasma as either _ or _

A

bound or unbound

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4
Q

What kind of drugs are free to do their thing or to be metabolized?

A

unbound

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5
Q

What kind of drugs are stuck on the blood protein and are not available for either?

A

bound

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6
Q

What is described as how the body rids itself of a drug

A

elimination

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7
Q

Biotransformation is usually done in the

a. kidney
b. liver
c. heart
d. tissues

A

liver

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8
Q

Binding effects the drugs _

A

efficacy

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9
Q

This type of drug is used to relax the patient and promote sleep

a. GI
b. NSAID
c. opioid
d. sedative-hypnotics

A

sedative-hypnotics

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10
Q

These drugs exert a calming effect, serve to pacify the patient

A

sedatives

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11
Q

what refers to sleep-like state produced by larger doses

A

hypnotic

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12
Q

Sedative-hypnotic drugs are absorbed from the _ then distributed _ and reach the _

A

GI tract
uniformly
CNS (highly lipid soluble)

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13
Q

Where are they metabolized?

A

liver where it becomes a polarized molecule

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14
Q

Sedative-hypnotic drugs are excreted as (polar/non-polar) metabolite through the (kidney/liver)

A

polar

kidney

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15
Q

Where is the primary site of drug excretion?

a. liver
b. kidneys
c. GI tract
d. intestine

A

kidneys

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16
Q

The metabolized drug reaches the _ and is filtered at the _

A

nephron

glomerulus

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17
Q

The filtrate raverses the (proximal/distal) convoluted tubule, _ and (proximal/distal) convoluted tubule before reaching the _

A

proximal
loop of Henle
distal
collecting duct

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18
Q

if the drug is not reabsorbed before reaching the CD it will be released as _

A

urine

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19
Q

The metabolism process tends to make _ compounds

A

polarized water soluble

20
Q

_ remain trapped in the nephron so they can reach the CD and be released as _

A

polar water soluble

urine

21
Q

_ metabolites are reabsorbed by the nephron back into _ and _ reach the CD

A

nonpolar lipophilic
circulation
never

22
Q

some drug can be secreted _ into the _ at the level of the _ via _

A

directly
nephron
proximal tubule
active transport

23
Q

What drug is used to increase inhibitory effects at the CNS synpases that use GABA via hyperpolarization?

a. Barbituates
b. Benzodiazepines
c. Alcohol-anxiolytic
d. sedative

A

Benzodiazepines

24
Q

How do Benzodiazepines exert their effect?

A

excitation level in reticular activating system decreases and sleep and relaxation enhanced

25
Q

Barbituates are a schedule _ controlled substance

A

II and III

26
Q

Barbituates have a

a. low therapeutic index
b. high therapeutic index

A

low therapeutic index

27
Q

Barbituates have a _ for neurons in the _ formation and _ system

A

specificity
reticular
limbic

28
Q

reticular refers to

A

arousal

29
Q

limbic refers to

A

emotions

30
Q

What can facilitate GABA

A

alcohol

31
Q

how does GABA work in the body?

A

enhancing it creates a calming effect

32
Q

Valium attaches to what kind of receptors?

a. alpha
b. beta
c. gamma
d. kappa

A

gamma

33
Q

Valium attaches the gamma receptors on brain cells in the _

A

retinacular formation

34
Q

What happens when gamma receptors are stimulated?

A

chloride channel opens
rush in and hyperpolarize the cell
inhibits propagation of AP
creates sedation

35
Q

What can cause tolerance

A

down regulation and enzyme induction

36
Q

This is described as fear or apprehension over a situation or event a person perceives as threatening

A

anxiety

37
Q

Anxiety disorders include

A

generalized anxiety disorder
panic disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress syndrome

38
Q

What can be used as an antianxiety drug?

A

Benzodiazepines

39
Q

Benzodiazepines used to treat anxiety is at a (lower/higher) doese

A

lower

40
Q

Antianxiety agents influence the _ system

A

limbic

41
Q

What antianxiety drug increases the effects of seratonin and produces less sedation and psychomotor impairment?

a. Barbituates
b. Benzodiazepines
c. Buspirone
d. Beta-blocker

A

Buspirone

42
Q

Buspirone is a seratonin (antagonist/agonist)

A

agonist

43
Q

What antianxiety drug can be used to decrease situational anxiety without sedation and decreases SNS activity?

a. Barbituates
b. Benzodiazepines
c. Buspirone
d. Beta-blocker

A

Beta-blocker

44
Q

Adverse effects with antianxiety drugs

A

sedation
addiction
withdrawl
rebound anxiety

45
Q

What should be considered in rehab for patients on anti anxiety meds?

A

calmer and relaxed will enhance session
associated with falls and trauma
CV and respiratory depression

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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