Sedatives Flashcards
The time required to eliminate 50% of the drug existing in the body is described as
half life
Many drugs bind to _ _ when they enter the circulatory system
plasma proteins
Drugs exist in the blood plasma as either _ or _
bound or unbound
What kind of drugs are free to do their thing or to be metabolized?
unbound
What kind of drugs are stuck on the blood protein and are not available for either?
bound
What is described as how the body rids itself of a drug
elimination
Biotransformation is usually done in the
a. kidney
b. liver
c. heart
d. tissues
liver
Binding effects the drugs _
efficacy
This type of drug is used to relax the patient and promote sleep
a. GI
b. NSAID
c. opioid
d. sedative-hypnotics
sedative-hypnotics
These drugs exert a calming effect, serve to pacify the patient
sedatives
what refers to sleep-like state produced by larger doses
hypnotic
Sedative-hypnotic drugs are absorbed from the _ then distributed _ and reach the _
GI tract
uniformly
CNS (highly lipid soluble)
Where are they metabolized?
liver where it becomes a polarized molecule
Sedative-hypnotic drugs are excreted as (polar/non-polar) metabolite through the (kidney/liver)
polar
kidney
Where is the primary site of drug excretion?
a. liver
b. kidneys
c. GI tract
d. intestine
kidneys
The metabolized drug reaches the _ and is filtered at the _
nephron
glomerulus
The filtrate raverses the (proximal/distal) convoluted tubule, _ and (proximal/distal) convoluted tubule before reaching the _
proximal
loop of Henle
distal
collecting duct
if the drug is not reabsorbed before reaching the CD it will be released as _
urine
The metabolism process tends to make _ compounds
polarized water soluble
_ remain trapped in the nephron so they can reach the CD and be released as _
polar water soluble
urine
_ metabolites are reabsorbed by the nephron back into _ and _ reach the CD
nonpolar lipophilic
circulation
never
some drug can be secreted _ into the _ at the level of the _ via _
directly
nephron
proximal tubule
active transport
What drug is used to increase inhibitory effects at the CNS synpases that use GABA via hyperpolarization?
a. Barbituates
b. Benzodiazepines
c. Alcohol-anxiolytic
d. sedative
Benzodiazepines
How do Benzodiazepines exert their effect?
excitation level in reticular activating system decreases and sleep and relaxation enhanced
Barbituates are a schedule _ controlled substance
II and III
Barbituates have a
a. low therapeutic index
b. high therapeutic index
low therapeutic index
Barbituates have a _ for neurons in the _ formation and _ system
specificity
reticular
limbic
reticular refers to
arousal
limbic refers to
emotions
What can facilitate GABA
alcohol
how does GABA work in the body?
enhancing it creates a calming effect
Valium attaches to what kind of receptors?
a. alpha
b. beta
c. gamma
d. kappa
gamma
Valium attaches the gamma receptors on brain cells in the _
retinacular formation
What happens when gamma receptors are stimulated?
chloride channel opens
rush in and hyperpolarize the cell
inhibits propagation of AP
creates sedation
What can cause tolerance
down regulation and enzyme induction
This is described as fear or apprehension over a situation or event a person perceives as threatening
anxiety
Anxiety disorders include
generalized anxiety disorder
panic disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress syndrome
What can be used as an antianxiety drug?
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines used to treat anxiety is at a (lower/higher) doese
lower
Antianxiety agents influence the _ system
limbic
What antianxiety drug increases the effects of seratonin and produces less sedation and psychomotor impairment?
a. Barbituates
b. Benzodiazepines
c. Buspirone
d. Beta-blocker
Buspirone
Buspirone is a seratonin (antagonist/agonist)
agonist
What antianxiety drug can be used to decrease situational anxiety without sedation and decreases SNS activity?
a. Barbituates
b. Benzodiazepines
c. Buspirone
d. Beta-blocker
Beta-blocker
Adverse effects with antianxiety drugs
sedation
addiction
withdrawl
rebound anxiety
What should be considered in rehab for patients on anti anxiety meds?
calmer and relaxed will enhance session
associated with falls and trauma
CV and respiratory depression
