Exam 1: Pictures & Graphs

Question 1

Fill out the flow chart of the areas of study within pharmacology

Answer 1

Question 2

What is this Dose-Response graph depicting

Answer 2

As dosage increases, the drugs effects will also increase but there’s a point where no matter how much the dosage increase, the effects will stop increasing and plateau

Question 3

Is drug A or B more potent?

Would you prescribe drug A or B if a patient’s BP needed to be lowered at a greater extent?

Answer 3

Drug A is more potent but Drug B is more effective for lowering BP at a greater extent

Question 4

Based on this graph, what is the TI? Is that number considered good or bad?

Answer 4

Therapeutic Index = 32

320 / 10 = 32

32 is really good which means this drug is safe to take

Question 5

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 5

sublingual

Question 6

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 6

buccal

Question 7

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 7

rectal

Question 8

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 8

inhalation

Question 9

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 9

inhalation

Question 10

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 10

intravenous

Question 11

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 11

intravenous

Question 12

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 12

subcutaneous

Question 13

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 13

subcutaneous

Question 14

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 14

intramuscular

Question 15

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 15

Intrathecal

Question 16

What type of injection is this picture showing

Answer 16

interosseous

Question 17

What type of injection is this picture showing

Answer 17

intraocular

Question 18

What type of injection is this picture showing

Answer 18

Intra-articular

Question 19

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 19

topical

Question 20

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 20

topical

Question 21

Which capillary is considered to be continuous

Answer 21

The first one on the left

Question 22

Which capillary is considered to be fenestrated

Answer 22

the middle one

Question 23

Which capillary is considered to be sinusoid? What is another term for sinusoid

Answer 23

The last one on the right is sinusoid or leaky

Question 24

Name the three ways that molecules can cross the cell membrane shown in this picture

Answer 24

1. Simple/passive
2. Facilitated
3. Active Transport

Question 25

What is this picture showing

Answer 25

Facilitated diffusion

Question 26

What is being depicted in picture #1 and picture #2

Answer 26

1. Faciltated Diffusion
2. Active Transport

Question 27

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 27

implantation via insulin pump

Question 28

What type of drug administration is this picture showing

Answer 28

Implantation via intrathecal pump

Question 29

What type of drug administration is being shown in this picture

Answer 29

Implantation via opthalmic device placed on slcera

Question 30

Label the nephron

Answer 30

1. Glomerulus
2. Proximal Tubule
3. Loop of Henle
4. Distal Tubule
5. Collecting Duct

Question 31

Explain what is happening in this picture

Answer 31

Polar and nonpolar molecules enter the nephron through the glomerus, nonpolar molecules are secreted out of the proximal tubule to be asborbed back into the blood stream. Polar molecules continue through the proximal tubule, through the LOH, through the distal tubule, and out to the collecting duct to be excreted as urine

Question 32

What is this picture depicting

Answer 32

A baby potentially received toxic drugs from the mothers breast milk

Question 33

What is this graph showing

Answer 33

The same drug being administered three different ways and the efficacy of each.

1. The line that starts at zero is the drug administered via IV. This has the best efficacy because the steady state occurs almost immediately
2. The line that starts at 20 is the drug administered orally. This method has the drug being consumed every 24 hours which is not a steady state
3. The line that starts at 7ish is the drug administered orally, but it is consumed every 8 hours. This is the 2nd best way to take a drug because it has a better steady state than taking a drug every 24 hours but isn’t as good as an IV

SO the order of efficacy from greatest to least would be IV, Oral administration every 8 hours, Oral administration every 24 hours

Question 34

What are the yellow structures and what is the turqouise structure in the cell membrane

Answer 34

Yellow Structures: Ligand/drug molecules

Turqouise Structure: Receptor

Question 35

What type of receptor is being shown in this picture

Answer 35

Receptor Linked to Ion Channel - Ligand Gated

Question 36

What is being depicted in this picture

Answer 36

Ligand Gated Ion Channels opening after a drug binds to the recptor

Question 37

What type of receptor is being shown in this picture and how does it work

Answer 37

This is G protein receptors or also called second messengers.

A ligand attaches to a receptor (R1) and links to a protein which activates an enzyme that causes ATP to activate cyclic AMP which is the second messenger. When the AMP is activated other enzymes are activated to produce a function

Question 38

What type of receptor is being shown in this picture

Answer 38

Receptor Linked with Enzyme

Question 39

What type of receptor is being depicted in this picture

Answer 39

G-Protein or Second Messenger