GI System Flashcards
The function of the GI system is
digestion of food and absorption of nutrients and water
Disorders are related to_ from _ _ _ and abnormal movement of _
damage from gastric acid secretion
food
Disorders of GI tract
- damage to the (upper/lower) GI mucosa resulting in a _ ulcer
- GI motility
- digestion and _
- infections and _ invasions
damage to the upper GI mucosa resulting in a peptic ulcer
Digestion and vomiting
infections and parastic invasions
What are the side effects of excessive amounts of gastric acid?
a. ulcers
b. hemorrhage of stomach lining
c. vomiting
d. a and b
ulcers and hemorrhage of the stomach lining
The acidic nature of gastric juices is essential for
a. getting rid of bacteria
b. activating digestive protease activity and controlling intestinal bacteria
c. secretion
d. none of the above
activating digestive protease activity and controlling intestinal bacteria
Problems with drugs that are used to control gastric activity and secretion include
peptic ulcers
indigestion
epigastric pain (dyspepsia)
GERD
Which GI drug is used as an attempt to chemically neutralize the stomach acids?
a. Antacids
b. Histamine
c. Proton Pump Inhibitors
d. other agents
Antacids
Antacids contain bases to neutralize the acid (true/false)
true
Antacids are used to treat
a. acute and long term peptic ulcers, GERD
b. GERD, dyspepsia
c. minor gastric discomfort, peptic ulcers, chronic GERD
d. peptic ulcer and GERD
minor gastric discomfort
peptic ulcers
chronic GERD
Primary Antacids are classified as
aluminum-containing
magnesium-containing
calcium carbonate-containing
sodium bicarbonate containing
Side effects with antacids
constipation
diarrhea
acid rebound phenomenon
Which GI drug is used to stimulate specific H2 receptors on stomach parietal cells to increase gastric acid secretion?
a. Antacids
b. H2 receptor blockers
c. Proton Pump Inhibitors
d. other agents
H2 receptor blockers
Use of H2 receptor blockers
a. acute and long term peptic ulcers, GERD
b. acute and long term peptic ulcers, dyspepsia, GERD
c. minor gastric discomfort, peptic ulcers, chronic GERD
d. peptic ulcer and GERD
acute and long term peptic ulcers, dyspepsia, GERD
Side Effects of H2 antagonists
headache
dizziness
mild GI problems
acid rebound
Which drug is used to inhibit H+, K+-ATPase enzyme responsible for secreting acid from gastric parietal cells into the lumen
a. Antacids
b. H2 receptor blockers
c. Proton Pump Inhibitors
d. other agents
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Proton Pump Inhibitors are used to treat
helicobacter pylori infections
control acid secretion
PPI’s are more effective in controlling acid secretion than H2 blockers and antacids (true/false)
true
Side Effects of PPI
acid rebound
A gram negative bacterium that is often present in the upper GI tract in people with gastric ulcer disease
a. antacid
b. Helicobacter pylori
c. anticholinergic
d. Prostaglandins
Helicobacter pylori
Treatment of H pylori infection may improve the prognosis of patients with _ or _
gastric ulcers or other upper GI problems
Anticholinergic is used to
?
Metoclopramide enhances the effect of _ (a neurotransmitter)
ACH
Metoclopramide is a _ receptor antagonist used to _ the gut
dopamine
settle the gut
What inhibits gastric secretion and helps protect the stomach mucosa by stimulating gastric mucus secretion
a. anticholinergic
b. metoclopramide
c. prostaglandin
prostaglandin
Diarrhea is a result of poor food _ and _
absorption and dehydration
Opioid derivatives for diarrhea bind to _ receptors in the gut and _ gut motility
mu receptors
slow gut mobility
Side effects of antidiarrheal
nasuea
abdominal discomfort
constipation
other GI disturbances
Adsorbents are administered to
a. absorb substances
b. distribute nutrients
c. rid harmful substances in the intestine
d. rid harmful substances in the kidney
rid harmful substances in the intestine
Adsorbents get rid of harmful products by causing
diarrhea
Which drug stimulates H20 and electrolyte absorption in the GI tract resulting in a decrease in fecal fluid loss?
a. PPI
b. Antacids
c. Bismuth Salicylate
d. H2 receptors
bismuth Salicylate
Bismuth has _ effects
Salicylate inhibits production of _ prostaglandins that irritate the lining of the intestine
antibacterial
bad
Which of the following drugs decreases gastric secretion and acts as an antacid?
a. antacids
b. bismuth salicylate
c. antidiarrhea
d. opioid
bismuth salicylate
Laxatives are used for
pts on bed rest infrequent or painful BMs spinal cord injuries pts straining during defecation before surgical or diagnostic procedures
Which type of laxitive absorbs h20 and swells inside the GI tract to stimulate peristalsis?
a. bulk forming laxative
b. stimulant laxatives
c. hyperosmotic laxatives
d. lubricants
bulk forming laxative
Which type of laxative is believed to activate peristalsis by a direct effect on the gut wall
a. bulk forming laxative
b. stimulant laxatives
c. hyperosmotic laxatives
d. lubricants
stimulant laxatives
Which type of laxative produces a gradient that draws H20 into the bowel and small intestine to stimulate peristalsis?
a. bulk forming laxative
b. stimulant laxatives
c. hyperosmotic laxatives
d. lubricants
hyperosmotic laxatives
Which type of laxative facilitates H20 entry into fecal mass to soften stool making it easier to go?
a. bulk forming laxative
b. stimulant laxatives
c. hyperosmotic laxatives
d. lubricants
lubricants and stool softeners
Side effects of laxatives
nausea and cramps
spastic colitis
fluid and electrolyte abnormalities
What GI drug aids in digestion of food?
a. digestants
b. emetics
c. antiemetics
digestants
What GI drug induces vomiting and helps rid posions in the stomach?
a. digestants
b. emetics
c. antiemetics
emetics
What GI drug decreases nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness and response to CA treatments?
a. digestants
b. emetics
c. antiemetics
antimetics
Rehab concerns
stress ulceration syndrome
prolonged bed rest and SCI - cause constipation and fecal impaction
chemotherapy causes nausea and vomiting
