Opioids

Question 1

Endorphins, enkephalins and dynorphins are endongenous opioids (true/false)

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Endogenous opioids control pain (true/false)

Answer 2

true

Question 3

Where are receptors for endogenous opioids located?

Answer 3

in the CNS and in the peripheral nervous system

Question 4

strong agonists react with what receptor?

a. alpha
b. kappa
c. mu
d. delta

Answer 4

mu receptors

Question 5

strong agonists are used to treat _ pain

Answer 5

severe

Question 6

a partial agonist is used to treat _ pain

Answer 6

moderate

Question 7

What are 3 examples of partial agonists?

Answer 7

codeine
hydrocodone
oxycodone

Question 8

What are antagonists used to treat?

a. severe pain
b. mild to moderate pain
c. opioid overdose
d. prevent pain

Answer 8

opioid overdose

Question 9

What are the 3 primary classes of opioid receptors?

a. alpha, kappa, delta
b. mu, delta, alpha
c. mu, kappa, delta
d. beta, delta, kappa

Answer 9

mu, kappa, delta

Question 10

Which receptor is the most important for analgesia but also causes the most side effects?

a. alpha
b. mu
c. kappa
d. delta

Answer 10

mu

Question 11

What are the side effects of mu receptor?

Answer 11

sedation
respiratory depression
constipation
leads to abuse

Question 12

drugs that selectively stimulate kappa and delta receptors have less problems with _ and _

Answer 12

respiratory depression

opioid abuse

Question 13

Administration of opioids (2)

Answer 13

enteral

parenteral

Question 14

What is the most common way opioids are administered?

a. parenteral
b. enteral

Answer 14

parenteral?

Question 15

Opioids administered parenteral will be (activated/inactivated) by the first pass

Answer 15

inactivated

Question 16

Opioids dont alter perception of pain (true/false)

Answer 16

false

do alter - pain no longer focus of attention

Question 17

Patient can self-administer pain meds at frequent intervals into veins, spinal canal, joint spaces

Answer 17

Patient controlled analgesia (PCA)

Question 18

What are the advantages of PCA over traditional pain management?

Answer 18

increased analgesic effect

fewer side effects

Question 19

What are rehab concerns with opioids?

Answer 19

mental slowing
drowsiness
mood changes 
respiratory depression 
orthostatic hypotension
GI distress 
patient may be withdrawing from addiction/abuse

Question 20

PCA drug can be administered through

Answer 20

IV 
intra-articular
epidural
intrathecal
transdermal

Question 21

at the (pre/postsynaptic neuron) opioids (inhibit/stimulate) release of neurotransmitter that carries nociceptive impulse

Answer 21

presynaptic

inhibit

Question 22

at the (pre/postsynaptic neuron) opioids cause (hyper/hypo) polarization)

Answer 22

postsynaptic neuron

hyperpolarization

Question 23

hyperpolarization is (decreased/increased) excitability of (post or pre synaptic) neuron

Answer 23

decreased

postsynapatic

Question 24

What are other opioid uses?

Answer 24

anesthetic premedication 
adjunct to general anesthesia
cough suppression 
GI motility 
acute pulmonary edema (reduce panic and anxiety)