Opioids Flashcards
Endorphins, enkephalins and dynorphins are endongenous opioids (true/false)
true
Endogenous opioids control pain (true/false)
true
Where are receptors for endogenous opioids located?
in the CNS and in the peripheral nervous system
strong agonists react with what receptor?
a. alpha
b. kappa
c. mu
d. delta
mu receptors
strong agonists are used to treat _ pain
severe
a partial agonist is used to treat _ pain
moderate
What are 3 examples of partial agonists?
codeine
hydrocodone
oxycodone
What are antagonists used to treat?
a. severe pain
b. mild to moderate pain
c. opioid overdose
d. prevent pain
opioid overdose
What are the 3 primary classes of opioid receptors?
a. alpha, kappa, delta
b. mu, delta, alpha
c. mu, kappa, delta
d. beta, delta, kappa
mu, kappa, delta
Which receptor is the most important for analgesia but also causes the most side effects?
a. alpha
b. mu
c. kappa
d. delta
mu
What are the side effects of mu receptor?
sedation
respiratory depression
constipation
leads to abuse
drugs that selectively stimulate kappa and delta receptors have less problems with _ and _
respiratory depression
opioid abuse
Administration of opioids (2)
enteral
parenteral
What is the most common way opioids are administered?
a. parenteral
b. enteral
parenteral?
Opioids administered parenteral will be (activated/inactivated) by the first pass
inactivated
Opioids dont alter perception of pain (true/false)
false
do alter - pain no longer focus of attention
Patient can self-administer pain meds at frequent intervals into veins, spinal canal, joint spaces
Patient controlled analgesia (PCA)
What are the advantages of PCA over traditional pain management?
increased analgesic effect
fewer side effects
What are rehab concerns with opioids?
mental slowing drowsiness mood changes respiratory depression orthostatic hypotension GI distress patient may be withdrawing from addiction/abuse
PCA drug can be administered through
IV intra-articular epidural intrathecal transdermal
at the (pre/postsynaptic neuron) opioids (inhibit/stimulate) release of neurotransmitter that carries nociceptive impulse
presynaptic
inhibit
at the (pre/postsynaptic neuron) opioids cause (hyper/hypo) polarization)
postsynaptic neuron
hyperpolarization
hyperpolarization is (decreased/increased) excitability of (post or pre synaptic) neuron
decreased
postsynapatic
What are other opioid uses?
anesthetic premedication adjunct to general anesthesia cough suppression GI motility acute pulmonary edema (reduce panic and anxiety)
