Exam 1: Chapter 2 Part 1 Flashcards
It is (easy/difficult) to predict how much will be absorbed via orally administered drugs
difficult
_______ ____ is used occasionally in chemotherapy to deliver anti-cancer drugs directly to a tumor to maximize drug concentration with minimal exposure to healthy tissues
intra-arterial injection
Intrathecal injection administration is the injection of medicine almost always within the spinal ______ space.
subarachnoid
How long does it take for sublingual drugs to be absorbed and have effects
5-10 minutes
What is the bioavailability of a drug administered through an IV
100%
Analgesics and sedatives-hypnotics are taken _____.
orally
_______ ____ is used to introduce insulin into the body
subcutaneous injection
What are the two physical properties of transdermal drugs
- Must penetrate the skin
2. Must not be degraded by metabolizing enzymes within the dermis
Which route of administration can be difficult and dangerous but is used to deliver a large dose to focus a drug or radiopaque dye into certain tissues or to a specific organ
Intra-arterial injection
Why is nitroglycerin a sublingual drug instead of being taken orally
it would be destroyed in the liver
What does it mean is a drug is sequestered in tissue that is not the target tissue
The drug is stored in other tissues other than the target which could be harmful most of the time
Antibiotic ointments and creams used to treat minor skin irritations are _____ drugs
topical
True or False:
Most topical medications have good-excellent absorption and are used primarily to treat the localized tissue
False, they are fair to poor
_____ _____ is like active and passive transport because a carrier protein in needed but no net energy is expended to get polarized molecules through the membrane
facilitated diffusion
What are 4 examples of parenteral routes of administration
Inhalation
Injection
Topical
Transdermal
What are the two forms of transdermal administration of medication in the outpatient rehab setting
iontophoresis and phonophoresis
What are the subtypes of injection-parenteral routes of administration
IV intra-arterial subcutaneous intramuscular intrathecal
General anesthetics and anti-asthmatic drugs are ____ into the body
inhaled
Insulin, antibiotics, anticancer drugs, and narcotic analgesics are drugs taken through _____
injection
List the advantages and disadvantages of drugs that are injected into the body
A: provides more direct administration to target tissues, rapid onset
D: Chance of infection if sterility is not maintained
______ administration are drugs applied to the skin or mucous membranes
topical
(active/passive) transport means no energy is expended
passive
Where might heavy metals or lead be sequestered in
bone
What is the most common administration route
oral
Are drugs administered rectally subjected to the first pass effect
yes if it is pushed into upper rectum
What are 3 examples of enteral routes of administration
oral
sublingual and buccal
rectal
Rectal drugs are usually administered via a _____
suppository
What term is described as the extent to which a drug reaches the circulatory system
bioavailability
Which new drug delivery technique can be described as a drug reservoir that is surgically implanted and it programmed to deliver a measured dose periodically
implanted system
List the advantages and disadvantages of topical drugs
A: local effects on surface of skin
D: only effective if treating outer layers of skin
List the advantages and disadvantages of inhalation drugs
A: rapid onset, direct application for respiratory disorders, large surface area for systemic absorption
D: chance of tissue irritation, patient compliance
what is a disadvantage of intramuscular injections
local pain and prolonged soreness
non-lipid drugs are absorbed (good/poorly) in the alimentary canal and will be lost in feces
poorly
Nitroglycerin is a drug that is administered _____
sublingually
List the advantages and disadvantages of drugs taken orally
A: easy, safe and convenient
D: Limited absorption of some drugs, chance of first-pass inactivation in liver