Sd Mediastinal Flashcards

1
Q

Sd mediastinal def

A
  • simptome cauzate de afectarea org din mediastin
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2
Q

Manifestari clinice sd mediastinal

A
  • neurologice
  • vasculare
  • digestive
  • respiratorii
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3
Q

Manifestari neurologice

A
  • afectare nerv frenic - sughit, daca paralizeaza - dispnee, asimetrie miscari perete toracic
  • afectare NLR stg - paralizie corzi vocale => disfonie
  • afectare plex brahial - iritatie C8-T1 => durere fata interna a bratului panala dg 5
  • afectare simpatic dorsal/cervical -> sd Claude-Bernard-Horner / hipersudoratie
  • afectare n vagi - palpitatii, tahicardie => crize Bouveret (tahicardie paroxistica cu debut si sf brusc, apoi criza poliurica)
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4
Q

Manifestari vasculare

A
  • sd de VCS - cianoza la maini si fata, accentuata de tuse + edemul in pelerina
  • turgescenta venoasa - afectare vene jug, sublinguale, fozelor nazale, retiniene => epistaxis si hemoptizia
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5
Q

Edemul in pelerina

A
  • la baza gatului
  • partea anterosup a toracelui si la brate
  • acoperă relieful clavicular
  • nu lasa godeu
  • mai proeminent dimineata si acc in clinostatism
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6
Q

Manifestari dig

A
  • disfagie intermitenta sau permanenta
  • initial pt solide apoi lochide
  • compresie esofag si dureri retrosternale
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7
Q

Manifestari respiratorii

A
  • dispnee -> dep de pozitie, insotita de tiraj si cornaj
  • tuse chintoasa, uneori cu hemoptizie
  • afectare cai intramediastinale
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8
Q

Manifestari respiratorii in sd med anterior

A
  • durere pseundoanginoasa retrosternala
  • sd VCS
  • dispnee si wheezing
  • tuse seaca iritativa
  • paralizie nerv recurent
    = sd bronhorecurential Dieulafoy
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9
Q

Sd bronhorecurential Dieulafoy

A

Dispnee
Wheezing
Tuse seaca iritativa
Paralizie nerv rec

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10
Q

Sd mediastinal posterior

A
  • disfagia
  • nevralgii intercostale
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11
Q

Rx sd mediastinal

A
  • opacitati omogene, bn delimitate , formand un unghi ascutit cu pleura mediastinala
  • traheea e deviata
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12
Q

Procese patologice mediastin anterior

A

Gusa intratoracica
Opacitate loc in partea sup, lateral de trahee pe care o comprima
Med ant parte mijl - tumori timice, opacitate supracardiaca si depasesc lat mediastinul
Med ant p inferioara - chisturi seroasa pleuropericardice + hernii retrocostoxifoidiene

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13
Q

Procese patologice mediastin mijlociu

A

E sediul cel mai frecvent al adeopatiilor maligne in limfomul Hodgkin
- adenopatii beninge din sarcoioza, tbc, toxoplasmoza, pneumoconicoze
- altele: chisturi bronhogene, neurinoame n vag, frenic, plex peribronsic, lipoame, fibroame, anevrisme de aorta, camcer bronhopulm primitiv, tumori pleurale

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14
Q

Procese patologice mediastinul posterior

A
  • tumori neurogene - gg, neurofibr, simptoblastoame, schwanoame
  • chisturi paraesofag, mioame de esofag, gusa retrotraheala
  • anevrism de aorta ascendenta si megaesofagul
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15
Q

Mediastinite acute cauze

A
  • perforatie esofagiana
  • sternotomie mediana in chirurgie
  • traumatisme toracii, intubari
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16
Q

Mediastinite acute clinic

A
  • durere retrosternala
  • febra
  • disfagie
  • dureri in gat
    -torticolis
  • dc afecteaza traheea - tuse si dispnee
  • semne de sepsit - cianoza si anxietate
  • dc se perforeaza esofagul - exsudate pkeurale/piopneumotorax , emfizem mediastinal
17
Q

Mediastinite cronice

A

Inflamatia granulomatoasa si mediastinite fibrozante

18
Q

Mediastinite cronic cauze

A
  • tbc si histoplasmoza
  • sarcoidoza si silicoza
  • dc e granulomatoza maj sunt asimptomatici
  • dc e fibroza au semne de compresie a VC/ cai aeriene pp/nerv frenic/ AP, uneori vene pulm proximale
19
Q

Pneumomediastinul cauze si ce e

A
  • aer in mediastin
  • ruptura spontana a alveolelor
  • perfoartie / ruptura esofag, trahee, bronhii
20
Q

Pneumomediastin tipuri de surse si clinic

A
  • emfizem interstitial cu sursa mediastinala - de la E/ br, sau extramediastinala - din interstiiu pulmonar/ retroperitoneu
  • emfizemul se extingpde spre gat, spre perete toracic, in. Sp retroperitoneal
21
Q

Pneumomediastin clinic

A
  • durere substernala severa
  • dispnee
  • poate iradia duerea spre gat
22
Q

Pneumomediastin examen fizic

A
  • emfizem subcutanat in incizura suprastrenala -> creptitatii gazoase la palpare
  • ## semnul lui Hamman - creptitatii particulare, sincrone cu bataile inimii, mai usor de auzit in decubit lateral stg
23
Q

Semnul lui Hamman

A

Crepitatii particulare, sincrone cu bataile inimii
- mai usor se aud in decubit lateral stg