Sculpture Flashcards
What is a 3D art form that provides an important visual way of understanding form and space?
Sculpture
What is the Latin word from which the term “sculpture” originates?
Sculpere
What is the art of fashioning figures out of wood, clay, plastics, metal, and stones?
Sculpture
What dictates the effect of the composition in sculpture?
The type of material
What is a hard and heavy material that allows sculptures to be compactly designed?
Stone
What is a malleable material that allows for dynamism in sculptures?
Bronze
What sculpture method involves adding material again and again to build up the form?
Additive Process
What sculpture method involves the removal of material to create the form?
Subtractive Process
What sculpting process has been known since prehistoric times and involves subtracting material until the desired form is reached?
Carving
What sculpting process consists of adding soft and easily shaped materials to enable rapid execution?
Modeling
What sculpting process involves pouring a liquid material into a mold containing a hollow cavity of the desired shape and allowing it to solidify?
Casting
What is the purpose of casting in sculpture?
It is used for making complex shapes.
How old is the casting process, and what is the oldest surviving casting?
Casting is a 6,000-year-old process, and the oldest surviving casting is a copper frog from 3,200 BC.
What are the two methods employed in casting?
Cire-Perdue and Sand-casting
What sculpting method has its origin in collage?
Construction and Assemblage
What is a raised form that projects from a surface?
Relief Sculpture
What type of relief sculpture has the projecting figure closer to the surface?
Low-relief (Bas-relief or Basso)
What type of relief sculpture has figures that may almost be detached from the surface?
High-relief (Haut-relief or Alto)
What type of relief sculpture is between low and high relief?
Half-relief (Demi-relief or Mezzo)
What is the lowest type of relief sculpture, where the projection barely exceeds the thickness of a sheet of paper?
Crushed relief (Relievo Sticciato)
What type of relief sculpture is a relief in reverse, where the carving lies in a hollowed-out area?
Hollow relief (Cavo-relievo)
What type of sculpture is freestanding, often placed on a pedestal or base, and made to be seen from multiple angles?
Sculpture in the Round
What is a representationalist sculpture that depicts a specific entity?
Statue
What type of sculpture represents a person from the chest up?
Bust
What type of sculpture typically depicts a significant person on horseback?
Equestrian Statue
What type of sculpture is constructed from found objects?
Assemblage
What is a milk-white, fine-grained stone used for ornaments and statuary, which is slightly translucent?
Alabaster
What is an inert ingredient mixed with cement in making a casting mix?
Aggregate
What term refers to any component of a building that has been modeled?
Architectural
What is a framework of metal wire or tubing used in fashioning a work in clay, wax, or plaster?
Armature
What is another term for the base where a sculpture is mounted?
Plinth
What is the Italian term for a small terracotta sketch of a sculpture?
Bozzetto
What is a design carved in relief in stone or shell?
Cameo
What is a metal or plaster poured into a mold and left to harden to produce a work of art?
Cast
What is a mechanical process of finishing a metal surface?
Chasing
What is the modern method of casting sculptures in which the casting material is a resin mixed with powdered bronze?
Cold Cast Bronze
What term refers to a sculpture larger than heroic in size, meaning huge?
Colossal
What is the French term for a less planned approach to carving in sculpture, where the sculptor works from memory?
Direct Carving (Taille Directe)
What is a dark-colored, hard stone used in Egyptian sculpture?
Diorite
What term refers to a sculpture that can be realistic in varying degrees or stylized?
Figurative
What is a small molded statuette?
Figure
What term refers to a sculpture that is larger than life-size?
Heroic
What is an incised relief in which the design is sunk below the surface?
Intaglio
What is a small-scale model for a finished sculpture?
Maquette
What is an oil-based clay used for modeling sculptures?
Plasticene
What is a copy of a sculpture cast in plaster, capable of accurately reproducing the details of the original sculpture?
Plaster Cast
