Materials for floors and walls Flashcards
What part of a space often dominates the visual field and is subjected to the most wear?
Floors
What type of flooring is durable, practical, provides a sense of permanence, and lasts the life of a building but is substantially heavier than other flooring materials?
Hard Flooring (Wood, Stone, Clay)
What type of flooring provides ease of installation, is affordable, prevents dirt and moisture penetration, combines comfort underfoot and quietness, resists indentation, and is easy to clean?
Resilient Flooring (Vinyl Tile, Vinyl Sheet Flooring)
What type of flooring provides a luxurious feel underfoot?
Soft Floor Covering (Carpet)
What type of flooring is waterproof, impervious to most household liquids, does not need sealing, and is durable and resilient?
Nonporous Floor (Slate, Ceramic, Quarry Tiles)
What type of flooring is waterproof and resistant to oil and grease but reacts badly to spirit solvents like petrol?
Semi-porous Floor (Marble, Terrazzo, Rubber, Linoleum, Vinyl, Thermoplastic)
What type of flooring is not waterproof or greaseproof, likely to stain, and needs to be sealed?
Porous Floor (Unsealed Wood, Cork, Concrete, Chipboard, Older Linoleum)
What marks the confines of a room, furnishes the background for furniture, and serves as a complex system concealing utility lines?
Walls
What material is made from clay or a mixture of ceramic materials pressed into tiles and fired at a high temperature?
Ceramic Tile
What ceramic tile manufacturing process involves double firing, where the body is fired first, followed by glaze application and a second firing?
Bicottura
What ceramic tile manufacturing process involves a single firing at 2200°F, producing a denser and harder glaze?
Monocottura
What ceramic tile component consists of clays with high bonding power and some fluxing ability?
Plastic
What ceramic tile component reduces shrinkage, prevents deformation during drying and firing, and adds rigidity?
Filler
What ceramic tile component melts under heat and fuses elements into a solid mass?
Flux or Solvent
What type of ceramic tile has the lowest absorption level and is suitable for exterior and constantly wet areas?
Impervious
What type of ceramic tile is glass-like and used for wet locations?
Vitreous
What type of ceramic tile has a 3-7% absorption level and is used in locations not constantly wet?
Semi-vitreous
What type of ceramic tile has an absorption level higher than 7% and is the most absorptive?
Non-vitreous
What type of ceramic tile is a vitreous product made from the dust-press process?
Glazed Interior Tiles
What type of ceramic tile refers to small-sized tiles, usually 6mm-10mm thick and 25x25mm or 50x50mm in size?
Ceramic Mosaic Tiles
What type of large ceramic mosaic tile is made of unglazed porcelain or natural clay, can be made slip-resistant, and is used for heavy floor service?
Paver Tiles
What type of ceramic tile is made from unglazed natural clay or shale, is very durable, impervious to moisture and stains, and resistant to abrasion?
Quarry Tiles
What type of ceramic tile is made of specific clays fired at high temperatures, is impervious, has superior chip resistance, is very durable, and mimics natural stone without maintenance?
Porcelain Tile
What type of ceramic tile can be made of any kind of material, with color solid throughout?
Homogenous Tile
What type of tile is composed of the same ingredients throughout, deriving its color and texture from the body material?
Unglazed Tile
What type of tile has a glassy surface fused to it, making it decorative and impervious to moisture?
Glazed Tile
What type of glazed tile finish has a highly polished surface that reflects an image clearly?
Bright Glaze
What type of glazed tile finish does not reflect an image and has no sheen?
Matte Glaze
What natural building material is made from sand, clay, water, and organic materials, shaped into bricks, and stores and releases heat slowly?
Adobe
What is a block of ceramic material made of clay used in masonry that comes in a variety of browns?
Brick
What type of brick bond consists of alternating courses of stretchers and headers?
English Bond
What type of brick bond has headers and stretchers laid alternately in each layer?
Flemish Bond
What type of brick bond consists of courses of stretchers only?
Running Bond
What type of brick bond uses bricks of different colors to create a regular pattern?
Diapering
What composite material is made of 80-90% crushed stone and 20-10% polymer resin, primarily used for countertops, and is stronger than natural stone?
Engineered Stone
What is the oldest type of wall covering that provides warmth, richness, and beauty?
Fabric
What type of fabric wall covering is laminated with paper to its reverse side to help hide wall defects?
Paper-backed Fabric
What type of fabric wall covering is stretched in a frame and coated with a latex compound, remaining flexible?
Latex-coated Fabric
What type of fabric wall covering is pre-treated for installation but is difficult to work with because it must be smoothed?
Unbacked Fabric
What material opens up the interior and permits access to the outdoors?
Glass
What construction method involves extensive use of glass in exterior and interior walls?
Curtain Wall Construction
What flooring material is made from cement, granite chippings, and granite dust, is used in workrooms and factories, and is a superior, less porous type of concrete?
Granolithic
What material consists of two or more layers united together, often with plastic layers glued with heat, pressure, and adhesive?
Laminates
What process involves uniting multiple layers of material, such as plastic and adhesives, through heat and pressure?
Lamination
What type of plastic laminate is produced using kraft papers, decorative papers, and an overlay on top?
Plastic Laminate
What type of plastic laminate is molded at a minimum of 1,000 lbs per square inch, usually ranging from 1,200-2,000 lbs per square inch?
High Pressure Laminate
What type of plastic laminate is molded at 400 lbs per square inch?
Low Pressure Laminate
What is a multi-layer synthetic flooring product fused together through lamination, simulating wood or stone?
Laminated Flooring
What is the first company that introduced laminated flooring in Germany?
Pergo
What material is created by breaking down rawhide into a clear solution, then reforming it into fiber to allow flexible lengths and sizes?
Leather
What long-wearing material made from pigskin is resistant to acids and moisture and is maintained through cleaning and waxing?
Pigskin in Tile Form
What lightweight, fire-resistant, and damage-proof material is available in sheets of steel, aluminum, and other nonferrous metals?
Metal
What man-made material is composed of marble dust, bauxite, acrylic or polyester resins, and pigments, often used for seamless countertops?
Solid Surface
What type of flooring material, developed in England in the 1860s, consists of oxidized linseed oil, ground cork or wood flour, mineral fillers, and color pigments, bonded under heat and pressure?
Linoleum
