Lining Flashcards
What is used to prepare walls and ceilings for painting?
Lining
In what direction should lining paper be hung in relation to the top paper?
Opposite direction to the top paper
What is the cheapest type of machine-printed design called?
Pulp
How is the design applied in machine printing?
Printed directly onto the raw paper
Why is machine-printed wallpaper difficult to hang?
Due to thinness and uneven shrinking
What method of design production uses metal rollers for engraving?
Surface Printing
What type of printing uses copper-covered steel rollers that engrave patterns photographically?
Rotogravure Printing
How does rotogravure printing apply colors?
Each roller carries just one color
What printing method applies designs using individual screens?
Silk-Screen Printing
How many screens are used per color in silk-screen printing?
One screen per color
What printing method involves hand-pressing separate wooden blocks for each motif?
Wood Block Printing
What is the purpose of sealers in finishing?
To preserve the original look of a material
What types of finishes can sealers have?
Gloss, semi-gloss, or matte finishes
What sealer prepares the surface for the actual finish and provides a good base?
Sanding Sealer
What does sanding sealer do to wood?
Fills pores and hardens the fine ends of the grain for smooth sanding
Which sealer partly soaks into the surface and moves with the wood to prevent cracking?
Oleo-Resinous Seal
What are the drawbacks of oleo-resinous seal?
Dries slowly and darkens over time
What sealer forms a hard skin on top and is resistant to moisture and chemicals?
Polyurethane Seal
What is the vernacular term for polyurethane seal due to its hardness and shine?
Diamond Finish
What is the main purpose of fillers in wood finishing?
To cover holes, cracks, and imperfections before actual finishing
What are paste fillers composed of?
Silex or stone dust, japan-drier, linseed oil, and turpentine
How are paste fillers applied?
Applied with the grain, dried flat for 10 minutes, then wiped across the grain
How long should paste fillers dry before sanding?
24 hours
What is another name for crack fillers?
Plastic wood putty
What are crack fillers used for?
Filling nail holes, cracks, and dents
What are polishes used for in finishing?
To provide a protective or decorative surface finish
What can over-application of spirit wax polishes cause?
Slippery buildup of dirt
How often should marble or stone surfaces be polished?
Not every day
What types of stains are available?
Wood tones and colors like red, blue, and green
What is the safest type of stain to use?
Water-based stains
What is a disadvantage of water-based stains?
They raise the grain of wood and require sanding before sealing
What are oil wood stains made from?
Pigments derived from various earth clays, dissolved in linseed oil
What is used to thin oil wood stains?
Turpentine
What are water stains made from?
Aniline dyes and mineral extracts dissolved in hot water
What are spirit or alcohol stains made from?
Aniline powders mixed with an alcohol solution and warmed alcohol
What is shellac made from?
Seed lac and alcohol
What is the natural color of shellac?
Orange
How is white shellac obtained?
By bleaching
What is shellac used for in finishing?
A preparatory coat for varnish and wax finishes
Why is shellac used to cover wood knots?
It kills the resin in the knot and prevents discoloration
What is varnish made from?
A resolution of resin in drying oil or a volatile solvent
Does varnish contain pigment?
No, it hardens into a smooth, hard, and glossy coat
What is the drying time for varnish?
4-24 hours
When should varnish NOT be applied?
When the weather is moist or humid
What is used to strip varnish off surfaces?
Stripsol
What type of varnish is more durable than spirit varnishes?
Oil Varnishes
