Dyes and Dyeing Flashcards
Soluble substances which penetrate into the fabric and are fixed by a chemical action, heat or other treatment
Dyes
Insoluble color particles which are held on the surface of a fabric by a binding agent
Pigments
- Kind of dye
- Water-soluble compounds
- Great affinity for wool, silk/ nylon and casein
Acid Dyes
- Kind of dye
- Oldest among the artificial dyes
- Direct affinity for silk, wool, nylon, casein fiber, jute and related fibers
- Brilliance, color and rapid coloring made them very popular
Basic Dyes
- Classification of dye
- Will color both protein and cellulosic fibers
- Direct dyes for cotton, linen, viscose and cuprammonium rayon
- Achieve very bright full colors
- Used for reclaimed wool and for inferior grades of wool
- Not fast to washing
Direct or Salt Dyes
- Kind of dye
- Formerly called ‘acetate dyes’
- Colorfastness of disperse dyes to light, laundering and dry cleaning is excellent
- Fume, fading said to be caused by exposure to nitrogen in the air, remains a problem when disperse dyes are used on nylon and polyester
Disperse Dyes
- Kind of dye
- For cotton, linen and viscose rayon
- Makes the dye fast to washing
- These do not bleed, they are called tub-fast colors
- For women’s apparel that must withstand frequent washings
Developed Dyes
- Kind of dye
- A diffuse into the fiber produces excellent penetration and leveling
- Can be done in two ways: padding and by thermosol process
- Wool and silk can be dyed in this fashion, but best result are on cotton
Reactive Dyes
- Kind of dye
- Used for cotton and viscose rayon
- Injurious to protein fibers and can be used only on vegetable materials
- Wide range of dull colors and include a few blues, green, maroons and yellows
- Fast to washing and used for fabrics that req frequent washing
- No fastness to chlorine and only a fair degree of fastness to perspiration, acids, alkalis and light
Sulphur Dyes
- Kind of dye
- Fastest dyes for cotton, linen and viscose and cuprammonium
- Considered most satisfactory of all dyes
- But too difficult to apply and too expensive to be practical for the dyeing trade
- Now in demand for furnishing and wash fabrics
Vat Dyes
- Method of dyeing fabric
- Excellent colorfastness but does not leave the same flexibility for the final design
Solution Dye
- Method of dyeing fabric
- Fibers are dyed before the yarns are spun and woven into a fabric
- In felts, fibers are dyed before they are felted
Fiber Dye (or Stock Dye
- Method of dyeing fabric
- Yarns are dyed before they are woven
- Use of one colored yarn in the crosswise direction produces a changeable or iridescent effect
Yarn Dye
- Method of dyeing fabric
- Cloth is dyed after fabrication
- A.k.a. Dip-Dyeing
Piece Dye
- Type of Piece Dyeing / Dip Dyeing
- Open fabric passes back and forth through a stationary dye bath
Jig Dyeing
- Type of Piece Dyeing / Dip Dyeing
- Fabric is continuously immersed without strain to the fabric
Winch, Reel or Beck Dyeing
- Type of Piece Dyeing / Dip Dyeing
- Fabric is run through the dye bath then between rollers which squeeze the dye deeper into the yarns of the fabric
Pad Dyeing
- Method of dyeing fabric
- Fabric of two or more fibers are placed in a dye bath containing two or more diff dyes. Each fiber will be dyed by the dye for which it has an affinity
Cross Dyeing
- Method of dyeing fabric
- Fabric from one fiber is dyed one color
Solid Dyeing
- Method of dyeing fabric
- Mixes dyes made from two or more fibers so fibers will dye the same color
Union Dye
