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Materials of Decoration > Glass > Flashcards

Glass Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hard, brittle, chemically inert substance produced by fusing silica with flux and stabilizer to a rigid condition without crystallization?

A

Glass

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2
Q

What is the same as lead glass but with less lead?

A

Crystal Glass

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3
Q

What term refers to all glass products in flat form?

A

Flat Glass

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4
Q

What are consumer goods such as bottles, drinking glasses, or lamps, mostly made of soda-lime glass?

A

Hollowware

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5
Q

What is obtained from beds of fine sand or pulverized sandstone?

A

Silica

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6
Q

What substance lowers the melting point of glass?

A

Alkali

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7
Q

What is used as a stabilizer in glass composition?

A

Lime

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8
Q

What is waste glass that assists in melting the mixture?

A

Cullet

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9
Q

What substance adds brilliance and weight to glass?

A

Lead

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10
Q

What substance adds thermal and electrical resistance to glass?

A

Boron

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11
Q

What increases the refractive index and is used in optical glass?

A

Barium

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12
Q

What absorbs infrared rays in glass?

A

Cerium

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13
Q

What imparts color to glass?

A

Metallic Oxides

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14
Q

What is used to decolorize glass?

A

Manganese

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15
Q

What is derived from rock crystals and applied to clean, highly refractive glass?

A

Crystal Glass

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16
Q

What is the most common commercial glass?

A

Soda-Lime Glass

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17
Q

What are the advantages of soda-lime glass?

A

Light transmission, non-porous, easily cleaned, inert, withstands repeated boiling

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18
Q

What are the disadvantages of soda-lime glass?

A

High thermal expansion, high expansion rate, poor resistance to sudden temperature changes

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19
Q

What are common uses of soda-lime glass?

A

Bottles, jars, drinking glasses, window glass

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20
Q

What type of glass uses lead oxide and potassium oxide instead of calcium and sodium oxides?

A

Lead Glass

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21
Q

What are the advantages of lead glass?

A

High refractive index, soft surface for engraving, radiation shielding

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22
Q

What are common uses of lead glass?

A

Drinking glasses, vases, bowls, ashtrays, decorative items

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23
Q

What glass type is composed of silica and boric oxide with smaller amounts of alkalis?

A

Borosilicate Glass

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24
Q

What are the advantages of borosilicate glass?

A

High resistance to chemical corrosion and temperature change

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25
Q

What are common uses of borosilicate glass?

A

Ovenware, heat-resistant ware (e.g., Pyrex), industrial chemical plants, laboratory glassware, pharmaceutical ampoules and vials, high-power lamp bulbs

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26
Q

What type of glass is devised to meet specific requirements in various industries?

A

Special Glass

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27
Q

What are common uses of special glass?

A

Chemistry, pharmacy, electronics, optics, apparatus and instrument construction, lighting industries

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28
Q

What are the three major types of flat glass?

A

Sheet Glass, Plate Glass, Float Glass

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29
Q

What type of glass is made by drawing molten glass from a furnace, dividing it lengthwise, and flattening it?

A

Sheet Glass

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30
Q

What type of glass is made by rolling molten glass into a plate and grinding and polishing it after cooling?

A

Plate Glass

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31
Q

What type of glass is made by pouring molten glass onto a surface of molten tin and cooling it slowly?

A

Float Glass

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32
Q

What is glass that has been cooled slowly to relieve internal stresses?

A

Annealed Glass

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33
Q

What is annealed glass that is partially tempered by reheating and sudden cooling, making it twice as strong as annealed glass?

A

Heat-strengthened Glass

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34
Q

What is annealed glass that is reheated and rapidly cooled to induce compressive stress, making it stronger but unable to be altered after fabrication?

A

Tempered Glass

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35
Q

What type of glass consists of two or more plies bonded under heat and pressure with an interlayer to retain fragments if broken?

A

Laminated or Safety Glass

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36
Q

What is laminated glass with exceptional tensile and impact strength?

A

Security Glass

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37
Q

What type of glass has a square or diamond mesh embedded within to prevent shattering?

A

Wired Glass

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38
Q

What type of glass has a surface pattern to obscure vision or diffuse light?

A

Patterned Glass

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39
Q

What type of glass has one or both sides acid-etched or sandblasted to obscure vision but is difficult to clean?

A

Obscure Glass

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40
Q

What is opaque glass used in curtain wall construction to conceal structural elements?

A

Spandrel Glass

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41
Q

What is glass consisting of two or more sheets separated by a sealed air space for thermal insulation?

A

Insulating Glass

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42
Q

What type of glass contains chemical admixtures to absorb radiant heat and visible light?

A

Tinted Glass

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43
Q

What element gives glass a pale blue-green tint?

A

Iron Oxide

44
Q

What elements give glass a grayish tint?

A

Cobalt Oxide and Nickel

45
Q

What element gives glass a bronze tint?

46
Q

What type of glass has a thin metallic coating to reflect light and heat, creating a mirror effect?

A

Reflective Glass

47
Q

What type of glass transmits visible light while selectively reflecting radiant heat?

A

Low-emission Glass (Low-E)

48
Q

What is glass formed naturally from volcanic eruptions or high-temperature events?

A

Natural Glass

49
Q

What is a natural glass of volcanic origin used by early humans for cutting tools?

50
Q

What are naturally-formed glasses of extraterrestrial origin?

51
Q

What is the oldest known glass furnace in Egypt?

A

Tell-el-Amarna

52
Q

What type of glass consists of varicolored glass canes fused together to form thick rods sliced into patterned pieces?

A

Mosaic Glass

53
Q

What type of mosaic glass features colorful flower patterns?

A

Millefiori Glass

54
Q

What is the oldest goblet ever found, belonging to Thutmose III?

A

Goblet of Thutmose III

55
Q

What ancient civilization discovered the glassblowing technique?

A

Mesopotamians

56
Q

What technique enables the production of thin-walled, fine glasses and allowed standardization?

A

Glassblowing

57
Q

What type of glass is characterized by filigree, mosaic, and engraved decorations?

A

Roman Glass

58
Q

What process involves grinding away superimposed glass layers to leave a design in white on a dark blue background?

A

Cameo Glass

59
Q

What glass, also called Roman Glass, was transported across the Mediterranean by Phoenician merchants?

A

Phoenician Glass

60
Q

What type of glass enclosed etched gold or silver designs between two clear panels?

A

Doppelwand Glass

61
Q

What type of glass is decorated with ribbons of colored glass in fantastic patterns?

A

Snake-thread Glass

62
Q

What is the name of Venetian glass that is thin and clear, developed in Murano?

63
Q

What type of glass includes glittering gold particles?

A

Aventurine Glass

64
Q

What is the delicate, colorful glass developed in Murano, Venice?

A

Murano Glass

65
Q

What type of glass is potash-lime glass well-suited for wheel-engraved decoration?

A

German Glass

66
Q

What country formally entered the glass market in the 19th century and produced large plate mirrors for Versailles?

67
Q

Who applied Art Nouveau designs to glass creations?

A

Emile Gallé

68
Q

What famous French glass manufacturer produces water-clear, bubble-free products?

69
Q

What method involves creating decorative patterns on glass by pressing it into a mold?

A

Pressed Glass (Sandwich)

70
Q

What glass technique, invented by René Lalique, involves alternating polished and dull surfaces?

A

Lalique Glass

71
Q

What country’s glass has a high refractive index invaluable to the optical industry?

72
Q

Who discovered that adding lead oxide to glass made it stronger and more brilliant?

A

George Ravenscroft

73
Q

What is the rarest form of English glass, which resembles porcelain but becomes translucent under light?

A

Bristol Glass

74
Q

What type of glass is tough and produces a clear note when struck?

A

Irish Glass

75
Q

What is the collector’s item Irish glass known for fine cut glass chandeliers and bowls?

A

Waterford Glass

76
Q

What American-made glass, developed by Henri William Stiegel, was produced in Pennsylvania?

A

Stiegel Glass

77
Q

What crude, elementary glass, developed by Caspar Wistar, was America’s first flint glass?

A

Wistarburg Ware

78
Q

What type of iridescent glass, invented by Louis Comfort Tiffany, was used for stained glass windows?

A

Tiffany Glass (Favrile Glass)

79
Q

What glass, made in Peking during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, featured snuff bottles with interior paintings?

A

Peking Glass

80
Q

What process involves etching glass with hydrofluoric acid?

A

Acid Etching

81
Q

What company first developed acid etching on a commercial scale?

A

Richardson’s of Stourbridge, England

82
Q

What is glass made before the Venetian era called?

A

Ancient Glass

83
Q

What is the process of slowly cooling glass to relieve internal stresses?

84
Q

What is glass more than 25 years old called?

A

Antique Glass

85
Q

What is shaping glass by blowing air through a hollow rod called?

A

Blown Glass

86
Q

What is a small crack on the surface of glass called?

87
Q

What is broken or waste glass suitable for remelting?

88
Q

What is ornamentation created on clear glass using a diamond wheel?

89
Q

What large, full-length mirror usually stands on the floor?

A

Cheval Glass

90
Q

What is glass used for ornamental purposes called?

A

Decorative Glass

91
Q

What type of glass has opaque colors melted onto its surface?

A

Enameled Glass

92
Q

What is crushed glass melted onto other glass to create patterns and colors?

93
Q

What is a technique where two or more sections of glass are joined while hot?

94
Q

What is colored glass coated with metallic oxides to create a shimmering effect?

A

Iridescent Glass

95
Q

What is glass with lace-like patterns of white or colored threads inside clear glass?

96
Q

What is the process of working with glass using a direct flame?

97
Q

What is a fragile opalescent glassware made by the Romans?

98
Q

What is a glass or mirror designed to stand on the floor?

A

Pier Glass

99
Q

What is the iron rod used in glass manufacturing to carry hot materials?

100
Q

What is the mark left by the pontil after glass cools?

A

Pontil Mark

101
Q

What is glass ornamented in relief by pressing it into a mold?

A

Pressed Glass

102
Q

What type of heat-resistant glass was perfected in 1915 by Corning Glass Works?

103
Q

What process removes layers of glass using compressed air and sand?

A

Sandblasting

104
Q

What are leaded windows with intricate hand-painted pale-colored glass called?

A

Stained Glass

105
Q

What is the window treatment designed to mimic stained or etched glass?

A

Stained Glass Overlay

106
Q

What is glass breakage caused by rapid or uneven heating or cooling?

A

Thermal Shock

Materials of Decoration (32 decks)

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