Carpet Flashcards
What is the general designation for fabric used as floor covering that provides floors with visual and textural softness, resilience, and warmth?
Carpet
What is the standard fiber against which all carpet fibers are judged, known for being the most expensive and naturally flame-resistant?
Wool
What type of wool is naturally white and absorbs dye easily, producing colors with great clarity and uniformity?
New Zealand Wool
What type of wool is noted for its gloss, sheen, and natural resistance to soiling?
Argentinean Wool
What type of wool is crush-resistant?
Indian Wool
What type of wool is the most luxurious and costly, with high abrasion resistance and durability?
Iraqi Wool
What type of wool is considered the finest, with staples as long as 15 inches?
Scottish Wool
What natural fiber is strong, static-free, and more durable than any other natural fiber but is stiff, inflexible, and tends to stain and crush easily?
Sisal
What natural fiber is made from corn husks?
Maize
What strong and flexible natural fiber comes from coconut shells, withstands abrasion, and is highly resistant to insects, making it ideal for outdoor use?
Coir or Coconut Plush
What natural fiber is softer than wool but less durable?
Cotton
What is the softest of all natural fibers but disintegrates with prolonged exposure to sunlight and moisture?
Jute
What term refers to a combination of two or more fibers into a single carpet yarn?
Blends
What is the most popular synthetic carpet fiber, known for its versatility, durability, and ease of maintenance?
Nylon
What was one of the first synthetic fibers used in carpet production, with wool-like characteristics and high resistance to sunlight, stains, and mildew?
Acrylic
What synthetic fiber, a modified version of Acrylic, has better heat retention and is flame retardant?
Modacrylic
What synthetic fiber is soft, luxurious, strong, durable, and abrasion-resistant, mainly used in residential spaces?
Polyester
What is the newest and most economical synthetic fiber, 50% cheaper than nylon but comparable in strength, durability, and wear resistance?
Polypropylene Olefins
What synthetic fiber is lightweight, absorbs little moisture, resists stains, and is almost completely free of static buildup, making it ideal for rooms with mechanical and electronic equipment?
Polypropylene Olefins
What is a rubbery substance used in carpet manufacturing that dries hard but remains bendable?
Latex
What are the four main parts of a carpet?
Face, Primary Backing, Latex, Secondary Backing
What is the wearing surface of a carpet, composed of the pile?
Face
What is the ground on which carpet yarns hook themselves?
Primary Backing
What is the glue applied to the roots of the carpet yarns, providing superior tuft lock?
Latex
What is also known as a carpet pad, bonded to the primary backing for stability and additional protection?
Secondary Backing
What is the name for the yarn loop in the surface of a carpet?
End
What carpet manufacturing method involves punching tufts of yarn into a primary backing and then adding a latex adhesive and secondary backing?
Tufting
What carpet manufacturing method intertwines the surface pile and backing simultaneously, eliminating the need for secondary backing?
Weaving
What is the least complex weaving method, commonly used in producing solid color carpets?
Velvet
What type of carpet is constructed on a modified Jacquard loom and can produce carpets with up to five colors?
Wilton
What type of carpet, produced with an Axminster loom, often features European and Oriental patterns with virtually limitless design and color combinations?
Axminster
What carpet manufacturing method is similar to woven carpets, using three sets of needles to loop the pile, backing yarn, and stitching yarn together?
Knitting
What carpet manufacturing method involves punching Acrylic or Polypropylene fibers into a web of synthetic fiber to form a homogenized layer?
Needle-punched Carpet
What carpet manufacturing method uses an electrostatic process to attach dyed short fibers to an adhesive-coated backing?
Flocked Carpet
What term refers to the weight of pile yarn in a given volume of carpet surface, where higher values indicate a more compact pile?
Pile Density
What term refers to the widewise density measurement used for tufted carpets, defined by the distance between needles and measured in fractions of an inch?
Gauge
How is gauge measured in tufted carpets?
It is measured in fractions of an inch, where a smaller fraction means more needles per inch (e.g., 1/8 gauge = 8 needles per inch).
What is the widewise density measurement used for woven carpets, which is divided by 27 to compare with tufted carpets?
Pitch
How can pitch be converted to gauge for comparison with tufted carpets?
Divide the pitch by 27 (e.g., 216 pitch ÷ 27 = 1/8 gauge).
What is the lengthwise density measurement for tufted carpets, referred to as the number of stitches per inch?
Stitch rate (SPI)
How is stitch rate (SPI) defined?
It refers to the number of times per inch a stitch occurs as the primary backing moves through the tufting machine.
What term refers to the number of ends per inch in Axminster carpets and wires per inch in Wilton carpets?
Rows for Axminster; Wires for Wilton
What term refers to the length of tuft from the primary backing to the tip, where a higher value means a more durable wearing surface?
Pile Height
What is the weight of the pile yarn stated in ounces per square yard of carpet, excluding the weight of backings and coatings?
Face Weight or Pile/Yarn Weight
What is the finished weight of a carpet, including face weight and the weight of backing materials, expressed in ounces per square yard?
Total Weight
What measurement indicates the fineness or coarseness of the finished yarn, expressed as a count?
Yarn Weight
What is the woolen count, and how is it measured?
It is the number of running yards in one ounce of finished yarn (e.g., 2-ply 50 means 50 yards of 2-ply yarn per ounce).
What measurement expresses the weight in grams of a standard 9000-meter length of yarn?
Denier
What does a 2,500 denier yarn mean?
It means that 9000 meters of the yarn weighs 2,500 grams.
What term refers to the number of strands of a single yarn twisted together to form one pile yarn, affecting color, surface texture, and feel?
Ply
How does ply affect a carpet’s appearance and feel?
It impacts color, surface texture, and feel underfoot (e.g., carpets can have 1-ply, 2-ply, or 3-ply yarn).
What characteristic of a carpet’s yarn has a major impact on performance, where higher values help maintain the original appearance?
Twist Level
What is the term for when yarn tips untwist and begin to intermingle, giving a matted appearance?
Wet Poodle
What is the prime visual characteristic of a carpet after color?
Texture
What carpet texture is created by cutting each loop pile?
Cut Pile
What carpet texture has a smooth surface where the ends blend together, often called Velvet Plush when the pile is dense and cut closely?
Cut Pile Plush or Velvet Plush
What carpet texture falls between cut pile plush and cut pile shag, using thicker, heat-set twisted yarns for tuft definition?
Saxony Plush
What carpet texture is made from tightly twisted yarns, creating a grainy appearance?
Frieze or Twist
What is a multi-directional high pile twist that gives an informal look?
Shag
What type of carpet is made by weaving, tufting, or knitting pile yarn into loops, which remain uncut?
Loop Pile or Round Wire
What carpet texture has an entire surface made with uniform uncut loops?
Level Loop Pile
What carpet texture has different pile heights to create a dimensional effect?
Multi-level Loop Pile
What carpet texture adds warmth to an all-loop pile?
Combination Loop and Cut Pile
What carpet texture has some loops cut and others remaining uncut at the same level surface?
Level Type Shear
What carpet texture has loops sheared at different heights to create tonal contrast between cut and uncut loops?
Random Shear
What is the process of incising a design into a carpet or rug that has already been woven?
Carving
What technique is used between colors in a multicolor design rug to accentuate and give dimension?
Hairline Carving
What is the process of weaving a design into a low level rather than shearing down or carving it?
Recessing
What is the process of weaving a design at a higher level?
Embossing
What is the rounding off of carved, recessed, or embossed carpet areas?
Beveling
What dyeing method involves pre-dyeing carpet fibers before manufacturing?
Stock Dyeing, Yarn Dyeing, Solution Dyeing, Cross-Dyeing
What is the most common post-dyeing method?
Piece Dyeing
What dyeing method achieves a very consistent level of color?
Pad Dyeing
What dyeing method sews the carpet into a continuous loop and places it in large circular tubes?
Jet Beck Dyeing
What dyeing method submerges the carpet in a dye vat, producing about 1,000 yards of dyed carpet?
Open Beck Dyeing
What dyeing method prints different colors along the length of the yarn before it is made into a carpet?
Space Dyeing
What dyeing technique treats yarn to resist additional dyes for shading purposes?
Resist Dyeing
What dyeing method continuously dyes carpet in a production line?
Continuous Dyeing
What dyeing method winds spun yarns on perforated forms and forces dye through the perforations?
Package Dyeing
What dyeing technique uses a TAK random pattern machine to disperse regulated amounts of dye for unique patterns?
Random Multicolor Dyeing
What process applies patterns to carpets after manufacturing to simulate intricate woven patterns at a lower cost?
Carpet Printing
What carpet printing technique forces dyes through flat templates or screens to form a finished pattern?
Screen Printing
What carpet printing method sprays color onto the carpet pile using closely spaced jets?
Jet Printing
What carpet printing technique uses embossed cylinders to deposit a design onto the carpet face?
Roller Printing
What carpet printing process uses an electrostatic charge to force pre-metallized dyes deep into the pile?
Deep-dye Printing
What is the lining or cushioning placed under carpets to increase wear, provide insulation, and add comfort underfoot?
Carpet Cushion or Underlay
What type of carpet cushion is made by needle-punching natural or synthetic fiber into a felt-like pad?
Fiber Cushion
What type of carpet cushion is highly compressible and reinforced with smaller cell structures for uniform support?
Sponge Rubber Cushion
What is the most common underlay, made from bonded foam scraps using adhesive and heat fusion?
Bonded Polyurethane Foam Cushion
What type of carpet cushion is made from continuous sheets of polyurethane?
Modified Prime Polyurethane Foam
What denser type of polyurethane foam is highly resistant to bottoming out?
Densified Foam
What carpet installation method uses pre-tacked plywood strips around the carpet perimeter to provide underfoot comfort?
Tackless Stripping (Stretch-In Installation)
What carpet installation method glues the carpet directly to the floor without a cushion, making it economical and practical?
Direct Glue-down Method
What carpet installation method combines the comfort of stretch-in installation with the stability of direct glue-down?
Double Glue-down Method
What carpet installation technique uses a flexible adhesive layer on the carpet backing, covered with a protective plastic film?
Self-stick Installation
