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Materials of Decoration > Light > Flashcards

Light Flashcards

1
Q

What is daylight achieved by using windows or skylights, saving energy?

A

Natural Light

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2
Q

What is light from electrical sources that is man-made and can be turned on and off?

A

Artificial Light

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3
Q

What is also called background lighting, replacing natural light and providing uniform illumination?

A

General Lighting

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4
Q

What provides high illumination over a small area, with lamp placement based on furniture position?

A

Local Lighting

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5
Q

What is well-positioned and directed lighting for specific tasks with strong illumination?

A

Task Lighting

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6
Q

What is a key element of creative lighting design that highlights specific objects?

A

Accent Lighting

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7
Q

What emphasizes an object with strong illumination?

A

Highlight Lighting

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8
Q

What illuminates an object from behind to enhance depth or separation?

A

Backlight Lighting

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9
Q

What is light coming from the side?

A

Sidelight

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10
Q

What is diffused light that produces little contrast and poorly defined shadows?

A

Soft Light

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11
Q

What is direct light that produces high contrast and distinct shadows?

A

Hard Light

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12
Q

What provides visual information for safety and comfort, used in areas of total blackness?

A

Informational Lighting

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13
Q

What type of lighting directs 90-100% of light upwards?

A

Indirect Lighting

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14
Q

What type of lighting directs 60-90% of light upwards and 40-10% downwards?

A

Semi-Indirect Lighting

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15
Q

What type of lighting directs 90-100% of light downwards?

A

Direct Lighting

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16
Q

What type of lighting directs 60-90% of light downwards and 40-10% upwards?

A

Semi-Direct Lighting

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17
Q

What type of lighting distributes light on all sides?

A

General Lighting Distribution

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18
Q

What is a light source shielded by a panel parallel to the wall and attached to the ceiling, distributing light downwards?

A

Cornice Lighting

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19
Q

What is a light source shielded by a ledge, distributing light upwards over the ceiling and upper wall?

A

Cove Lighting

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20
Q

What is a light source shielded by a panel parallel to the wall, usually across the top of a window, providing both upward and downward light?

A

Valance Lighting

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21
Q

What is any device that produces light?

A

Light

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22
Q

What is the part of a bulb that connects to a lamp holder?

A

Lamp Base

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23
Q

What is the threadlike conductor of an electric lamp that is heated to incandescence by an electric current?

A

Filament

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24
Q

What is the glass housing of a lamp?

A

Bulb

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25
Q

What is the first type of modern light that uses a filament encased in a bulb, heated to incandescence by an electric current?

A

Incandescent Lamp

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26
Q

What is a standard rounded bulb shape used for general-service lamps?

A

A Bulb

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27
Q

What is a bulge-shaped decorative bulb for low-wattage use?

A

B Bulb

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28
Q

What is a cone-shaped decorative bulb for low-wattage use?

A

C Bulb

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29
Q

What is a candle-shaped decorative bulb for low-wattage use?

A

CA Bulb

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30
Q

What is a reflector bulb made of blown glass for incandescent and high-intensity discharge lamps?

A

R Bulb

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31
Q

What is a parabolic aluminized reflector bulb made of cast glass for incandescent and high-intensity discharge lamps?

A

PAR Bulb

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32
Q

What is an ellipsoidal reflector bulb for incandescent lamps, designed to collect and redirect light into a dispersed pattern?

A

ER Bulb

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33
Q

What is a globe-shaped bulb for incandescent lamps with low brightness for exposed use?

A

G Bulb

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34
Q

What is a pear-shaped bulb for large incandescent lamps?

A

PS Bulb

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35
Q

What is a straight-sided decorative bulb for low-wattage incandescent lamps?

A

S Bulb

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36
Q

What is an ellipsoidal bulb?

A

E Bulb

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37
Q

What is a flame-shaped bulb?

A

F Bulb

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38
Q

What is a prism-shaped bulb?

A

P Bulb

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39
Q

What is a tube-shaped bulb?

A

T Bulb

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40
Q

What is a multi-faceted reflector bulb for tungsten-halogen lamps, with highly polished reflectors arranged to control beam spread?

A

MR Bulb

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41
Q

What is also called a quartz or quartz-iodine lamp, using a halogen gas cycle to prevent rapid filament depreciation?

A

Tungsten Lamp

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42
Q

What is a disadvantage of tungsten lamps?

A

Operates at very high temperatures, posing fire and burn hazards.

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43
Q

What is a cylindrical glass tube sealed at both ends, containing a mixture of inert gases, used in fluorescent lighting?

A

Fluorescent Lamp

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44
Q

What is the emission of radiation by a substance when exposed to external radiation?

A

Fluorescence

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45
Q

What is any number of substances that emit light when energized by radiation?

A

Phosphor

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46
Q

What type of fluorescent lamp is small, improved in efficiency, and compact?

A

Compact Fluorescent Lamp

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47
Q

What type of fluorescent lamp does not require a starter and has single-pin bases?

A

Slim-line Fluorescent Lamp

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48
Q

What is a doughnut-shaped fluorescent lamp for circular luminaries?

A

Circline Lamp

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49
Q

What is a U-shaped fluorescent lamp used for square or rectangular luminaries?

A

U-bent Lamp

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50
Q

What fluorescent lamp method requires a starter to preheat the cathodes before striking an arc?

A

Pre-heat Fluorescent Lamp

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51
Q

What fluorescent lamp method eliminates the starter and provides a current-limiting function with an automatic starting system?

A

Trigger-start Ballast

52
Q

What fluorescent lamp method applies sufficient voltage between electrodes to strike an arc without preheating them?

A

Instant Start Fluorescent Lamp

53
Q

What fluorescent lamp method uses low-resistance electrodes heated continuously and is the only type that can be dimmed?

A

Rapid Start Fluorescent Lamp

54
Q

What is a control device in the metal base of a fluorescent lamp, supplying high voltage for starting and limiting current?

A

Choke Coil or Ballast

55
Q

What is a self-contained, replaceable device that helps start a fluorescent lamp?

A

Automatic Switch or Starter

56
Q

What is a type of lamp designed to fit the same space as an incandescent lamp but with fluorescent advantages?

A

Compact Fluorescent Lamp

57
Q

What are the advantages of compact fluorescent lamps?

A

Longer rated life and lower energy consumption.

58
Q

What are the disadvantages of compact fluorescent lamps?

A

Higher initial cost compared to incandescent lamps.

59
Q

What is a cold-cathode lamp emitting a glow when high voltage is applied across two electrodes?

A

Neon Vapor Lamp

60
Q

What type of lamp produces light when a high-pressure electric arc passes through a gas vapor?

A

High-Intensity Discharge Lamp

61
Q

What type of lamp contains mercury vapor in a clear quartz arc tube, producing a blue-green light?

A

Mercury Vapor Lamp

62
Q

What type of lamp contains a mixture of sodium and has an arc tube made of high-density polycrystalline alumina?

A

High Pressure Sodium Lamp

63
Q

What is a type of lighting that utilizes LEDs, reducing heat generation?

A

Solid-State Lighting

64
Q

What is the unit of light measurement?

65
Q

What is the amount of lumens falling on an area of 1 square foot?

A

Footcandle

66
Q

What is the metric system equivalent of a footcandle?

67
Q

What is the unit of light intensity?

A

Candlepower (CP)

68
Q

What is the unit of brightness?

A

Footlambert (FL)

69
Q

What is a complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp and housing?

70
Q

What is a surface for reflecting light or heat?

71
Q

What is a transparent material used to focus or disperse light?

72
Q

What is a translucent material used to filter glare and distribute light?

73
Q

What is a finned or vaned device controlling light radiation?

74
Q

What type of lighting offers the greatest variety of designs and provides abundant general light?

A

Suspended Ceiling Lights

75
Q

What is a decorative lighting fixture with branched supports for multiple lamps?

A

Chandelier

76
Q

What lighting fixture is suspended by a flexible cord, allowing it to be raised or lowered?

77
Q

What type of light is fixed or suspended by a cord, wire, or chains?

78
Q

What is a wall-mounted light fixture that diffuses light into the room?

A

Wall Lights

79
Q

What is a decorative wall bracket designed to hold candles or other lights?

80
Q

What type of lighting is used to bathe a wall in an even stream of light?

A

Wall Washers

81
Q

What is ceiling-mounted lighting that is not recessed and provides general illumination?

A

Ceiling Lights

82
Q

What type of lighting provides directional light in a downward stream and is often recessed?

A

Downlights

83
Q

What type of lighting sends light upwards to accent interiors?

84
Q

What is a flexible, adjustable luminaire that directs light in a controlled beam and is effective for accent lighting?

A

Spotlights

85
Q

What type of light fixture is free-standing?

A

Floor Lamps

86
Q

What type of lamp provides a soft glow?

A

Table Lamps

87
Q

What type of lamp provides task lighting and gives a concentrated directional light to a specific area?

A

Desk Lamps

88
Q

What type of lighting consists of rigid or flexible tape with exposed low-voltage light sources, often used under counters and inside cabinets?

A

Strip Lighting

89
Q

What type of lighting is designed for visual impact and provides aesthetic stimulation and amusement?

A

Visual Oddities

90
Q

What is the intensity of light per unit area, referring to man-made lighting?

A

Illumination

91
Q

What type of light is considered a perfect light source?

92
Q

What type of illumination is essential for providing task lighting in a concentrated directional manner?

A

Electric Illumination

93
Q

What is another term for brightness, referring to the light emanating from an object being viewed?

94
Q

What is the difference in brightness between an object and its background?

95
Q

What is excessive luminance ratio in the field of vision, causing discomfort?

96
Q

What type of glare is caused by an annoying brightness of light in the normal field of vision?

A

Direct Glare

97
Q

What type of glare is more serious, caused by reflected light from a glossy object?

A

Indirect Glare

98
Q

What term refers to the control of shadows cast by light and the degree to which light is shadowless?

A

Diffuseness

99
Q

What is the combination of applied arts and science in lighting?

A

Lighting Design

100
Q

What refers to the amount of illumination or luminous flux per unit area, determining the number of light fixtures required?

A

Quantity of Light

101
Q

What is the process by which the eye adjusts to a change in light level?

A

Adaptation

102
Q

What is the general light entering a room from an adjacent space?

A

Ambient Light

103
Q

What is an opaque or translucent element used to shield a lamp from view and absorb unwanted light?

104
Q

What device is used with HID and fluorescent lamps to establish circuit conditions necessary to start and operate the lamp?

105
Q

What refers to the distribution of brightness in a lighting installation, dealing with the essential nature and characteristics of light?

A

Quality of Light

106
Q

What is the watt method for incandescent lighting per square foot and per square meter?

A

2-3 watts per sq. ft. or 24-27 watts per sqm

107
Q

How do you determine fluorescent lighting requirements using the watt method?

A

Divide the total wattage by 5

108
Q

What lamp was invented in 1783 by a Swiss named Argand, featuring a round wick and air introduction inside the wick?

A

Argand Lamp

109
Q

What 19th-century oil lamp has swinging tubular arms furnished with an Argand burner?

A

Astral Lamp

110
Q

What type of glare is so intense that it temporarily prevents vision?

A

Blinding Glare

111
Q

What type of artificial light source is concealed behind a decorative facing, allowing light to diffuse over its edges?

A

Concealed Light (e.g., Cove or Valance Lighting)

112
Q

What is an optical filter that selectively reflects some wavelengths while transmitting others?

A

Dichroic Mirror

113
Q

What type of reflection appears scattered?

A

Diffuse Reflection

114
Q

What device is used to regulate the intensity of light from a lamp?

115
Q

What type of light is focused to travel in a particular direction using a reflector or baffle?

A

Directional Light

116
Q

What type of glare reduces visibility and visual performance?

A

Disabling Glare

117
Q

What type of glare is annoying but does not necessarily reduce visibility and visual performance?

A

Discomfort Glare

118
Q

What is a recessed or semi-recessed lighting unit with a rotating spherical element that can project light in any direction below the ceiling line?

A

Eyeball Light

119
Q

What is a method of transmitting light through long, flexible glass or plastic fibers using total internal reflection?

A

Fiber Optics

120
Q

What device changes the quality of light by affecting its magnitude or spectral makeup?

121
Q

What is the density of light on a surface?

A

Illuminance

122
Q

What lighting unit contains lenses and mirrors to concentrate and intensify light in a limited angle?

123
Q

What are devices that block, diffuse, or redirect light, such as a louver or a lampshade?

124
Q

What term is applied to any stray light outside the main concentration of the beam?

A

Spill Light

125
Q

What type of glare occurs when reflections reduce contrast, making details indistinguishable?

A

Veiling Reflection

126
Q

What is the horizontal surface at which a task is performed and where light levels are specified and measured?

A

Work Plane

Materials of Decoration (32 decks)

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