Fabric Finishes Flashcards
- Process done to fabrics, fibers and yarns
- Change in appearance, texture and performance
- Dyeing and printing are classified as fabric finishes
Finish / Finishes
- Fabric at this stage is still rough full of blemishes and impurities
- Not ready for consumer use
Grey of greige goods
- Classification of fabric finish
- lasts until the fabric is washed or dry-cleaned
ex: starching
Temporary Finish
- Classification of fabric finish
- lasts longer than temporary but may unsatisfactory with the passing of time
Durable Finish
- Classification of fabric finish
- lasts until the garment is of service
Permanent Finish
- Finishes that affect the texture and appearance of the cloth
- Common finishes applied to the majority of the fabrics produced
General Finish
- Affect the performance of the cloth.
- Also called functional finishes because they give the fabric special service feature which improves its properties and functions
Special Finish
- General finish
- Common finish for linen
- Gives cloth a firm, flattened and lustruous appearance
- Fabric is hammered and the yarns are flattened by the impact of wooden mallets
- Closes the weave and create heavy and compact appearance
Beetling (pinukpok)
- General finish
- Makes the fabric white and impurities are removed through the use of chemicals
- The warp sizing of the yarn, waxes and other matters are dissolved
- Necessary to increase the ability to absorb dyestuff uniformly
Bleaching
- General finish
- Finishing process
- Makes the fabric smooth and glossy
- Done by passing the fabric between heated steel rollers at a pressure of 2000 pounds per square inch
- Special surface designs are made possible by this process
Calendering
- General finish
- Wool finishing process to prevent creases of other forms of uneven shrinkage in the latter stages of finishing
- Stretching process wherein cloth passes over rollers in hot water
- Then put into cold water after
Crabbing
- General finish
- Improves the appearance
- Enhances luster and hand of the material
Decating or Decatizing
- General finish
- Kind of Decating process
- Usually done on cotton, rayon and silk
- Steam passes through from the inside to the outside layers
Dry Decating Process
- General finish
- Kind of Decating process
- Cloth is wound on a roller and treated in a hot water or steam boiler
- May help overcome uneven or blotchy dyeing
Wet Decating Process
- General finish
- Important finish applied to wool fabrics
- Pre-shrinking process, involves the application of moisture, heat, friction and pressure
- Results in the felting of wool and gives the fabric a fuller and more compact body
Fulling
- General finish
- Common finishing process for cotton
- Fabrics are treated with a strong caustic soda under tension to increase its strength, reduce shrinkage and give greater absorbency for dyes
- This process causes the fiber to swell lightly, making it appear rounder and smoother
- Smoother surface increase the light reflection off the fiber surface
Mercerizing
- General finish
- Applied to fabrics to remove the fuzz of protruding fibers
- Done by passing the fabric over jets of flames or white hot metal plates and quickly immersed in water
- Makes the fabric surface smooth
Singeing or Gassing
- General finish
- Other term for starching
- Cloth is filled with starch to increase strength, smoothness, stiffness or weight of the fabric
Sizeing or Dressing
- General finish
- Straightens and restores the cloth to its proper dimensions
- These grasp the cloth at the selvages and stretch it to shape
- Dry the cloth under tension to set the weave to its proper form
Tentering, Stentering or Heat-Setting
- Special finish
- To make a fabric bacteria-resistant
- Self-sterilizing quality to a fabric
Antiseptic Finish
- Special finish
- Applied to synthetic fabrics to prevent accumulation of static electricity
- This adds a water-attracting chemical to the fabric which will carry off the electrical charges
Anti-Static Finish
- Special finish
- Applied mostly on fabrics from such fibers as cotton, linen, ramie and rayon
- Gives fabrics quick recovery from crease and wrinkles
- Moisture is still absorbed by the fabrics but swelling is prevented making it quick drying
Crease-Resistant Finish
- Special finish
- Will not catch flame or burn actively
- Cause fabric to lose its softness and flexibility
- Ammonium Sulphonate – makes fabric fire-resistant without imparting a harsh quality
Flame Retardant Finish
- Special finish
- Also called Insulated Finish
- Makes fabric suitable for hot or cold weather
- In cold weather, when the treated surface is used facing the body, it will reflect its radiated heat back to the body rather than away
- In hot weather, with the treated surface outward, will reflect the outside heat away from the body
Heat-Reflectant Finish
- Special finish
- Finish given mostly to rayon, cotton and linen fabrics which are susceptible to attack by mildew in moist and humid conditions
- Applied to fabric to prevent growth of mildew and mold
Mildew-Resistant Finish
- Special finish
- Referred to as moth-proofing finish
- For wool fabrics to make them resistant to attack by moths and carpet beetles
Moth-Resistant Finish
- Special finish
- Subjecting the surface of a fabric to a brushing process to raise the fiber ends thus creating a surface fuzziness
- Creates soft fabric and provides warmth because of insulative air cells in the nap
- Flannelette – example of napped fabric.
- Increased firmness and greater warmth
Napping
- Special finish
- Relaxation shrinkage is eliminated by overfeeding a fabric onto dyeing frame and applying stretch in the cross-wise direction of the fabric
- Fabrics treated may have less than 2% shrinkage in the warp and filling directions
Shrink-Resistant Finish (Mechanical method)
Label or mark on cotton or linen fabrics indicates a mechanical shrink-resistant finish that has met standards
of less than 1% shrinkage
Sanforized
- Special finish
- Given to loosely constructed fabrics or with low thread count
- Prevents the warp yarns from slipping along the filling yarns
Slip-Resistant Finish
- Special finish
- Water repellent
- Stains cannot penetrate
- ex: Scotchgard of 3M
Soil and Stain-Resistant
- Special finish
- Referred to as drip-dry finish
- Wash and wear fabrics will dry smoothly and need little
or no ironing after washing - Good, soft hand and neat appearance
Wash and Wear of Minicare Finish
- Special finish
- Makes a fabric resistant to wetting but no waterproof
- Permits fabric to breathe, allowing passage of air, water and perspiration
- Spot-resistant
- Water-borned stains are prevented from seeping through
Water-Repellent Finish
- Special finish
- Totally coats the fabric thus closing the pores and enabling to shed water under all pressures
- These fabrics do not breathe
Waterproof Finish