Fabric Finishes

Question 1

• Process done to fabrics, fibers and yarns
• Change in appearance, texture and performance
• Dyeing and printing are classified as fabric finishes

Answer 1

Finish / Finishes

Question 2

• Fabric at this stage is still rough full of blemishes and impurities
• Not ready for consumer use

Answer 2

Grey of greige goods

Question 3

• Classification of fabric finish
• lasts until the fabric is washed or dry-cleaned
  ex: starching

Answer 3

Temporary Finish

Question 4

• Classification of fabric finish

- lasts longer than temporary but may unsatisfactory with the passing of time

Answer 4

Durable Finish

Question 5

• Classification of fabric finish

- lasts until the garment is of service

Answer 5

Permanent Finish

Question 6

• Finishes that affect the texture and appearance of the cloth
• Common finishes applied to the majority of the fabrics produced

Answer 6

General Finish

Question 7

• Affect the performance of the cloth.
• Also called functional finishes because they give the fabric special service feature which improves its properties and functions

Answer 7

Special Finish

Question 8

• General finish
• Common finish for linen
• Gives cloth a firm, flattened and lustruous appearance
• Fabric is hammered and the yarns are flattened by the impact of wooden mallets
• Closes the weave and create heavy and compact appearance

Answer 8

Beetling (pinukpok)

Question 9

• General finish
• Makes the fabric white and impurities are removed through the use of chemicals
• The warp sizing of the yarn, waxes and other matters are dissolved
• Necessary to increase the ability to absorb dyestuff uniformly

Answer 9

Bleaching

Question 10

• General finish
• Finishing process
• Makes the fabric smooth and glossy
• Done by passing the fabric between heated steel rollers at a pressure of 2000 pounds per square inch
• Special surface designs are made possible by this process

Answer 10

Calendering

Question 11

• General finish
• Wool finishing process to prevent creases of other forms of uneven shrinkage in the latter stages of finishing
• Stretching process wherein cloth passes over rollers in hot water
• Then put into cold water after

Answer 11

Crabbing

Question 12

• General finish
• Improves the appearance
• Enhances luster and hand of the material

Answer 12

Decating or Decatizing

Question 13

• General finish
• Kind of Decating process
• Usually done on cotton, rayon and silk
• Steam passes through from the inside to the outside layers

Answer 13

Dry Decating Process

Question 14

• General finish
• Kind of Decating process
• Cloth is wound on a roller and treated in a hot water or steam boiler
• May help overcome uneven or blotchy dyeing

Answer 14

Wet Decating Process

Question 15

• General finish
• Important finish applied to wool fabrics
• Pre-shrinking process, involves the application of moisture, heat, friction and pressure
• Results in the felting of wool and gives the fabric a fuller and more compact body

Answer 15

Fulling

Question 16

• General finish
• Common finishing process for cotton
• Fabrics are treated with a strong caustic soda under tension to increase its strength, reduce shrinkage and give greater absorbency for dyes
• This process causes the fiber to swell lightly, making it appear rounder and smoother
• Smoother surface increase the light reflection off the fiber surface

Answer 16

Mercerizing

Question 17

• General finish
• Applied to fabrics to remove the fuzz of protruding fibers
• Done by passing the fabric over jets of flames or white hot metal plates and quickly immersed in water
• Makes the fabric surface smooth

Answer 17

Singeing or Gassing

Question 18

• General finish
• Other term for starching
• Cloth is filled with starch to increase strength, smoothness, stiffness or weight of the fabric

Answer 18

Sizeing or Dressing

Question 19

• General finish
• Straightens and restores the cloth to its proper dimensions
• These grasp the cloth at the selvages and stretch it to shape
• Dry the cloth under tension to set the weave to its proper form

Answer 19

Tentering, Stentering or Heat-Setting

Question 20

• Special finish
• To make a fabric bacteria-resistant
• Self-sterilizing quality to a fabric

Answer 20

Antiseptic Finish

Question 21

• Special finish
• Applied to synthetic fabrics to prevent accumulation of static electricity
• This adds a water-attracting chemical to the fabric which will carry off the electrical charges

Answer 21

Anti-Static Finish

Question 22

• Special finish
• Applied mostly on fabrics from such fibers as cotton, linen, ramie and rayon
• Gives fabrics quick recovery from crease and wrinkles
• Moisture is still absorbed by the fabrics but swelling is prevented making it quick drying

Answer 22

Crease-Resistant Finish

Question 23

• Special finish
• Will not catch flame or burn actively
• Cause fabric to lose its softness and flexibility
• Ammonium Sulphonate – makes fabric fire-resistant without imparting a harsh quality

Answer 23

Flame Retardant Finish

Question 24

• Special finish
• Also called Insulated Finish
• Makes fabric suitable for hot or cold weather
• In cold weather, when the treated surface is used facing the body, it will reflect its radiated heat back to the body rather than away
• In hot weather, with the treated surface outward, will reflect the outside heat away from the body

Answer 24

Heat-Reflectant Finish

Question 25

• Special finish
• Finish given mostly to rayon, cotton and linen fabrics which are susceptible to attack by mildew in moist and humid conditions
• Applied to fabric to prevent growth of mildew and mold

Answer 25

Mildew-Resistant Finish

Question 26

• Special finish
• Referred to as moth-proofing finish
• For wool fabrics to make them resistant to attack by moths and carpet beetles

Answer 26

Moth-Resistant Finish

Question 27

• Special finish
• Subjecting the surface of a fabric to a brushing process to raise the fiber ends thus creating a surface fuzziness
• Creates soft fabric and provides warmth because of insulative air cells in the nap
• Flannelette – example of napped fabric.
• Increased firmness and greater warmth

Answer 27

Napping

Question 28

• Special finish
• Relaxation shrinkage is eliminated by overfeeding a fabric onto dyeing frame and applying stretch in the cross-wise direction of the fabric
• Fabrics treated may have less than 2% shrinkage in the warp and filling directions

Answer 28

Shrink-Resistant Finish (Mechanical method)

Question 29

Label or mark on cotton or linen fabrics indicates a mechanical shrink-resistant finish that has met standards
of less than 1% shrinkage

Answer 29

Sanforized

Question 30

• Special finish
• Given to loosely constructed fabrics or with low thread count
• Prevents the warp yarns from slipping along the filling yarns

Answer 30

Slip-Resistant Finish

Question 31

• Special finish
• Water repellent
• Stains cannot penetrate
• ex: Scotchgard of 3M

Answer 31

Soil and Stain-Resistant

Question 32

• Special finish
• Referred to as drip-dry finish
• Wash and wear fabrics will dry smoothly and need little
  or no ironing after washing
• Good, soft hand and neat appearance

Answer 32

Wash and Wear of Minicare Finish

Question 33

• Special finish
• Makes a fabric resistant to wetting but no waterproof
• Permits fabric to breathe, allowing passage of air, water and perspiration
• Spot-resistant
• Water-borned stains are prevented from seeping through

Answer 33

Water-Repellent Finish

Question 34

• Special finish
• Totally coats the fabric thus closing the pores and enabling to shed water under all pressures
• These fabrics do not breathe

Answer 34

Waterproof Finish