Scoliosis Flashcards
1
Q
What is Scoliosis?
A
Apparel lateral curvature of spine
2
Q
Types of Scoliosis?
A
- Postural
- secondary to condition outside spine
- eg: short leg, pelvic tilt - Structural
- deformity of spine
- causes:
i. Idiopathic (infantile, juvenile, adolescent)
ii. Osteopathic (hemi-vertebrae, fused-vertebrae)
iii. Neuromyopathic (CP, Duchenne, Poliomyelitis)
3
Q
How do you differentiate postural vs structural scoliosis?
A
Postural
- Curve disappears with sitting
- limb length discrepancy
Structural
- curves exaggerated with bending forward
- no limb length discrepancy
4
Q
5 features of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
A
- commonest (90%)
- often trivial curves (<30 degree)
- usually female
- more than 10 years old
- usually right thoracic skewness
5
Q
5 features of infantile idiopathic scoliosis?
A
- less than 3 years old
- uncommon
- usually male
- usually left thoracic skewness
- usually trivial curves, 90% resolves spontaneously
6
Q
3 Predictors of progression of curvature of scoliosis?
A
- Onset at very young age
- Incomplete Russel’s sign at presentation (lower degree of skeletal maturity, higher progression of curvature)
- Marked curvature
7
Q
3 Features of osteopathic scoliosis?
A
- commonly caused by vertebral anomaly
- associated with “syndromic features “ over overlying abnormal vertebrae
eg: spider naevi, angioma, hair, fat pads, dimples - also associated with spina bifida, kidney, heart anomaly
8
Q
Symptoms of scoliosis?
A
- Back skewness/bump
- Pelvic tilt
- Shoulder drop
9
Q
Investigation for Scoliosis?
A
- X-Ray of spine
- AP: cobb’s angle
- lateral: kyphosis, lordosis - X-Ray of pelvis
- AP: Russel’s sign (degree of skeletal maturity) - MRI/CT Scan
- look for vertebral anomaly, cord compression - Pulmonary function test
- associated with life expectancy
- usually deteriorate when angle >70 degree
