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Orthopaedics > Anatomy - Foot > Flashcards

Anatomy - Foot Flashcards

1
Q

26 bones of the foot

A
  1. Tarsal (7 bones)
    i. Calcaneum
    ii. Talus
    iii. Navicular
    iv. Cuboid
    v. Cuneiform (middle, intermediate, lateral)
  2. Metatarsal (5 bones)
    (first to fifth)
  3. Phalanges (14 bones)
    (proximal, middle, distal)
    *except first phalanges, has no intermediate
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2
Q

Tibialis anterior insertion?

A

Base of first metatarsal (plantar aspect)

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3
Q

Extensor hallucis longus insertion?

A

Base of first distal phalange toe

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4
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis insertion?

A

Base of first proximal phalange toe

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5
Q

Extensor digitorum longus insertion?

A

Base of proximal and middle phalanx of 2nd to 5th toes

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7
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis insertion?

A

Anterior surface of calcaneal body

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8
Q

Peroneus brevis and tertius insertion?

A

Base of fifth metatarsals (Dorsal aspect)

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9
Q

Flexor hallucis longus insertion?

A

Base of distal phalange of first toe

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10
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis insertion?

A

Base of proximal phalange of first toe

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11
Q

Flexor digitorum longus insertion?

A

Base of distal phalanx of 2nd to 5th toes

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12
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis insertion?

A

Body of middle phalanx of 2nd to 5th toes

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13
Q

Layers of the sole of the foot?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Deep fascia (plantar aponeurosis)
  3. Muscles of the foot
    (4 layers)
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14
Q

First muscular layer of foot?

A
  1. Abductor hallucis
  2. Flexor digitorum brevis
  3. Abductor digiti minimi
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15
Q

Second muscular layer of sole foot?

A
  1. Quadratus plantae
  2. Lumbricals
  3. Flexor digitorum longus
  4. Flexor hallucis longus
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16
Q

Third muscular layer of sole foot?

A
  1. Flexor hallucis brevis
  2. Adductor hallucis
  3. Flexor digiti minimi
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17
Q

Fourth muscular layer of sole foot?

A
  1. Interossei
  2. Peroneus longus
  3. Tibialis posterior
18
Q

Sole muscles supplied by medial plantar nerve?

A
  1. Abductor hallucis
  2. Flexor hallucis brevis
  3. Flexor digitorum brevis
  4. First interossei

(Others are by lateral plantar)
*Both are branch of tibial nerve

19
Q

Arterial supply of plantar foot?

A
  1. Medial plantar artery
  2. Lateral plantar artery

(Both from posterior tibial artery)

20
Q

Plantar fascia origin and insertion?

A

Origin - medial calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion -
i. base of 5th metatarsal (lateral band)
ii. base of all proximal phalanx

21
Q

Function of plantar fascia?

A
  1. Protects above muscles, nerve, arteries

2. Medial arch support

22
Q

Bones and joints of hindfoot

A

Bones

  • talus
  • calcaneus

Joints

  1. Subtalar: inversion, eversion
  2. Transverse tarsal (Chopart): works with subtalar
    - made up of talonavicular, calcaneocuboid joints
  • inversion cause bone to locked
  • eversion cause bone to unlocked (allow conformity to ground surface)
23
Q

Bones and joints of midfoot

A

Bones

  • cuneiform (3)
  • navicular
  • cuboid

Joints

  1. Naviculocuneiform
  2. Intercuneiform
  3. Tarsometatarsal (Lis Franc)
24
Q

Lis Franc joint?

A

Has 3 columns:

  1. Medial: 1st meta, medial cuneiform, navicular
    - most load on standing
  2. Middle: 2nd and 3rd meta, middle, lateral cuneiform
    - least mobile, allow rigidity during push-off
  3. Lateral: 4th and 5th meta, cuboid
    - most mobile, allow walking on uneven ground

Supported by 3 ligaments:

  1. Dorsal tarsometatarsal layer: weakest
  2. Interosseus/Lis Franc ligament: strongest
  3. Plantar tarsometatarsal layer: 2nd strongest
  4. Intermetatarsal ligament: between 2nd to 5th metatarsal bases
25
Q

Origin and insertion of Lis Franc ligament?

A

Origin: Medial cuneiform plantar
Insertion: Base of 2nd metatarsal

Function:

  • stabilize 2nd metatarsal
  • maintains roman/modfoot arch
26
Q

Bones and joints of forefoot?

A

Bones

  • metatarsal
  • phalanges

Joints

  1. MTP
  2. Proximal IP
  3. Distal IP
27
Q

Dorsum of foot

A 
1 artery forms 3 branches
1 nerve
1 venous arch from 2 veins
2 muscles
4 tendons
Artery
Dorsalis pedis forms
- first dorsal metatarsal 
- arcuate 
- lateral tarsal

Veins
Dorsal venous arch from
- great saphenous vein (medial)
- small saphenous vein (lateral)

Nerve
- Deep peroneal nerve

Muscles

  • Extensor hallucis brevis
  • Extensor digitorum brevis

Tendons

  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Peroneus tertius
28
Q

Tibialis posterior insertion

A
  1. Anterior limb to
    - navicular tuberosity
    - medial cuneiform
  2. Middle limb to
    - middle and lateral cuneiform
    - cuboid
    - 2nd to 4th metatarsal
  3. Posterior limb to
    - sustentaculum tali
29
Q

Talus articulation surfaces

A
  1. Inferior surface: posterior facet of calcaneus
  2. Talar head: navicular bone
  3. Lateral process: lateral malleolus, posterior facet of calcaneus
  4. Posterior process: groove for FHL
30
Q

4 Talus blood supply

A
  1. Posterior tibial artery -> artery of tarsal canal (most important) -> talar body
  2. Deltoid artery -> talar body
  3. Anterior tibial artery -> head, neck of talus
  4. Perforating peroneal artery -> artery of tarsal sinus -> head, neck of talus
31
Q

Sesamoid bone

A
  1. Two sesamoid bone below head of 1st metatarsal
    - tibial/medial sesamoid
    - fibular/lateral sesamoid
  2. Function
    - reduce friction at metatarsal head
    - protect FHL (in between)
    - weight bearing
  3. Attachment
    - FHB to both sesamoid
    - Adductor hallucis to tibial
    - Abductor hallucis to fibular

Orthopaedics (47 decks)

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