Anatomy - Knee Joint

Question 1

Regarding anatomy of the knee

Answer 1

2 joints
2 types of cartilage
3 bones
3 compartments
8 bursae
13 ligaments

Question 2

8 bursae of the knee joint

Answer 2

Communicating

1. suprapatellar
2. deep infra-patellar
3. between popliteus and posterior tibia
4. between gastrocnemius and capsule
5. between semimembranosus and capsule

Non-communicating

1. pre-patellar
2. superficial infra-patellar
3. pes-anserina (subsartorial)

Question 3

2 knee joints

Answer 3

1. patellofemoral (sellar/gliding)

2. femorotibial (hinge joint)

Question 4

3 bones

Answer 4

1. femur
2. tibia
3. patella

Question 5

2 types of cartilage

Answer 5

1. articular cartilage

2. menisci

Question 6

13 Ligaments

Answer 6

5 Anterior
1 Medial
3 Lateral
3 Posterior

Fibrous Capsule

Question 7

Structures in posterior knee

Answer 7

1. Popliteal fossa
   i. boundaries
   - sup.med. : semimembranosus, semitendinosus
   - inf.med. : med head gastroc
   - sup.lat : biceps femoris
   - inf. lat : plantaris, lat head gastroc
   ii. contents
   - popliteal veins
   - popliteal artery
   - tibial nerve
   - common peroneal nerve

3 ligaments (OPL, PMFL, PCL)
2 bursae (popliteus, gastroc)

Question 8

Structures in lateral knee

Answer 8

Layer 1: 
- Illiotibial band
- Biceps femoris
. . . 
Common Peroneal Nerve
. . .
Layer 2: 
- Patellar Retinaculum
. . .
Layer 3:
Superficial: 
- ALL
- LCL
- FFL
- Lateral geniculate artery
Deep: 
- APL
- Coronary ligament
- Popliteus Tendon
- Capsule

1 Nerve (Common Peroneal Nerve)
2 tendons to lateral femoral condyle (Gastrocnemius, plantaris)
3 tendons to lateral tibia condyle (illiotibial band, EDL, TA)
4 tendons to fibular
(biceps femoris, soleus, FL)
3 ligaments (ALL, LCL, FFL)

Question 9

Structures in medial knee

Answer 9

Layer 1
- Sartorius 
- Gracilis
- Semitendinosus 
- Patellar Retinaculum
- Saphenous Nerve
. . . .
Layer 2
- Semimembranosus 
- superficial MCL
- MPFL
. . . . 
Layer 3:
- Deep MCL
- Capsule

1 Nerve (Saphenous)
1 Ligaments (MCL)
1 tendon to medial femoral condyle (Medial Gastroc)
2 bursae (pes anserina, semimembranosus)
4 tendons to medial tibia condyle
(Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus)

Question 10

Structures in anterior knee

Answer 10

1. Extensors mechanisms
   - Quads tendon
   - Patella
   - Patellar ligament
2. Patellar Retinaculum
3. LPFL, MPFL
4. Capsule
5. ACL, TL
6. MM, LM
7. Bursae
   - Suprapatellar
   - Infrapatellar (Deep/Superficial)
   - Prepatellar

5 Ligaments
4 Bursae