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Scientific Foundations: Industrial Hygiene- Done Flashcards

0
Q

Field of industrial hygiene draws from knowledge in the following areas:

A
  1. Engineering
  2. Physics
  3. Chemistry
  4. Biology
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1
Q

Industrial hygiene

A

Refers to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of environmental factors or stresses arising in or from the workplace, which can cause injury, sickness, impaired health and well being, or significant discomfort among workers or among citizens

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2
Q

Professional organizations for industrial hygienists

A
  1. American Industrial Hygiene Association

2. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

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3
Q

Sources of information to facilitate hazard recognition

A
  1. Qualitative assessment
  2. Observational assessment
  3. Material safety data sheets
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4
Q

Qualitative assessment of the work site requires the following…..

A
  1. Communication with key personnel
  2. Communication with other occupational and environmental health professionals
  3. Communications with workers and their representatives
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5
Q

Why communicate with key personnel such as plant management representatives and supervisors

A

To learn about materials and processes

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6
Q

Why communicate with other occupational and environmental health professionals

A

To learn about health problems that may be related to exposure

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7
Q

Why communicate with workers and their representatives

A

To learn about their perceptions of exposure

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8
Q

Observational assessments are achieved through…

A
  1. Walk through surveys
  2. Focused inspections
  3. Job hazard analyses
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9
Q

MSDSs provide the following information

A
  1. Identification of the material
  2. Hazardous chemicals and their common names
  3. Physical and chemical properties
  4. Routes of exposure
  5. Acute and chronic health effects
  6. First aid information
  7. Exposure limits
  8. Precautions for safe handling and use
  9. Control measures
  10. Organization responsible for preparing MSDS and contact information
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10
Q

Quality of MSDSs is —–; the information is sometimes ——– and may be —— with the same materials from different manufacturers

A

Variable

Outdated

Inconsistent

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11
Q

———– need to be considered in the context of the specific material’s actual use and the control measures in effect

A

Recommended protective measures

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12
Q

An MSDS for a mixture may not include…

A

All chemical components

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13
Q

Chemical components that may not be included on an MSDS

A
  1. Concentration is low

2. Not recognized as hazardous

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14
Q

Sources of information to facilitate hazard recognition

A
  1. Qualitative assessment
  2. Observational assessment
  3. Material safety data sheets
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15
Q

Qualitative assessment of the work site requires the following…..

A
  1. Communication with key personnel
  2. Communication with other occupational and environmental health professionals
  3. Communications with workers and their representatives
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16
Q

Why communicate with key personnel such as plant management representatives and supervisors

A

To learn about materials and processes

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17
Q

Why communicate with other occupational and environmental health professionals

A

To learn about health problems that may be related to exposure

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18
Q

Why communicate with workers and their representatives

A

To learn about their perceptions of exposure

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19
Q

Observational assessments are achieved through…

A
  1. Walk through surveys
  2. Focused inspections
  3. Job hazard analyses
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20
Q

MSDSs provide the following information

A
  1. Identification of the material
  2. Hazardous chemicals and their common names
  3. Physical and chemical properties
  4. Routes of exposure
  5. Acute and chronic health effects
  6. First aid information
  7. Exposure limits
  8. Precautions for safe handling and use
  9. Control measures
  10. Organization responsible for preparing MSDS and contact information
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21
Q

Quality of MSDSs is —–; the information is sometimes ——– and may be —— with the same materials from different manufacturers

A

Variable

Outdated

Inconsistent

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22
Q

———– need to be considered in the context of the specific material’s actual use and the control measures in effect

A

Recommended protective measures

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23
Q

An MSDS for a mixture may not include…

A

All chemical components

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24
Chemical components that may not be included on an MSDS
1. Concentration is low | 2. Not recognized as hazardous
25
Sources of information to facilitate hazard recognition
1. Qualitative assessment 2. Observational assessment 3. Material safety data sheets
26
Qualitative assessment of the work site requires the following.....
1. Communication with key personnel 2. Communication with other occupational and environmental health professionals 3. Communications with workers and their representatives
27
Why communicate with key personnel such as plant management representatives and supervisors
To learn about materials and processes
28
Why communicate with other occupational and environmental health professionals
To learn about health problems that may be related to exposure
29
Why communicate with workers and their representatives
To learn about their perceptions of exposure
30
Observational assessments are achieved through...
1. Walk through surveys 2. Focused inspections 3. Job hazard analyses
31
MSDSs provide the following information
1. Identification of the material 2. Hazardous chemicals and their common names 3. Physical and chemical properties 4. Routes of exposure 5. Acute and chronic health effects 6. First aid information 7. Exposure limits 8. Precautions for safe handling and use 9. Control measures 10. Organization responsible for preparing MSDS and contact information
32
Quality of MSDSs is -----; the information is sometimes -------- and may be ------ with the same materials from different manufacturers
Variable Outdated Inconsistent
33
----------- need to be considered in the context of the specific material's actual use and the control measures in effect
Recommended protective measures
34
An MSDS for a mixture may not include...
All chemical components
35
Chemical components that may not be included on an MSDS
1. Concentration is low | 2. Not recognized as hazardous
36
Approaches for estimating the dose of an exposure received by workers include
1. Personal sampling 2. Environmental sampling 3. Biologic monitoring 4. Medical monitoring
37
Sampling techniques that measure exposure before absorption has occurred
1. Skin wipes 2. Cloth patches 3. Noise dosimeters 4. Airborne contaminant detection
38
Approaches to workplace sampling depend on...
1. Type of agent | 2. Route by which it is absorbed
39
Skin wipes and cloth patches
Measure amounts of material that have come into contact with skin
40
Noise dosimeters
Worn near the worker's ear, record worksite noise levels
41
Airborne contaminants can be assessed by means of...
1. Personal monitoring at the worker's breathing zone | 2. Environmental monitoring in the work area
42
Several important factors govern whether sampling results truly represent worker exposure:
1. Location of sampling device 2. Workers usually sampled are most highly exposed 3. Timing of sampling 4. Length of sampling time 5. Number of samples
43
How do you determine location of sampling device?
With regard to the worker and source of contaminants should be based on worker location and movements
44
Factors to consider regarding timing of testing
1. Seasonal changes 2. Shifts 3. Unintentional releases 4. Other sources of variation
45
Length of sampling time generally represents...
A full shift
46
The number of samples depends on...
1. Type of instrumentation 2. Concentration of contaminant 3. Purpose of sampling
47
Biologic and medical monitoring identify....
The presence of a chemical in the body following exposure
48
Exposure records must be maintained for at least....
30 years
49
Levels of airborne contaminants can be compared with the following guidelines and standards:
1. Permissible exposure limits (PELs) 2. Threshold limit value (TLV) guidelines 3. Recommended exposure levels (REL)
50
Permissible exposure limits
- developed by OSHA - legally enforceable - 8 hour, time weighted averages of airborne exposure
51
Threshold limit value guidelines
- developed by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) - published annually - 8 hour, time weighted averages with the exceptions of ceiling levels and short term exposure levels
52
Ceiling levels
Uppermost TVL levels, cannot be exceeded
53
Short term exposure levels
The maximum, 15 minute, time weighted averages permitted over a work day, with at least 60 minutes between successive exposures
54
Recommended exposure levels
- developed by NIOSH | - these levels are the exposure that, in the judgement of NIOSH, will not cause adverse health effects in most workers
55
Control strategies for occupational exposures
1. Engineering controls 2. Administrative controls 3. Personal protective equipment
56
Approaches to eliminating or reducing exposure to hazardous substance at the worksite are ordered into a -------- based, in general, on ------------
Hierarchy Their degree of overall effectiveness
57
Engineering controls
- the preferred way to reduce or eliminate exposures - include measures designed to: 1. Enclose or isolate operations 2. Improve ventilation 3. Removal or substitution of toxic materials
58
Administrative controls
-minimize exposure - include: 1. Monitoring or surveillance programs 2. Worker rotation 3. Training to address work practices
59
Personal protective equipment
- examples: 1. Ear plugs and muffs 2. Safety goggles 3. Gloves 4. Coveralls 5. Respirators -are considered the least-preferred control strategy

Occupational & Environmental Health (49 decks)

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