Health Promotion / Health Education Programs- Done Flashcards
Components of health promotion programs
- addresses life style risks
- broad based
- includes clinical and educational interventions with groups and individuals, environmental changes and organizational cultural support for healthy behavior
Health promotion
Broad term that signifies an approach to health that begins with healthy individuals and seeks to enhance that state of health and help these healthy individuals reach the highest level of functioning
Focus of health promotion
Prevention of illness and injury and promotion of personal health accountability and working with the employer for positive outcomes
Health education
Any combination of learning experience to facilitate voluntary adaptation of behavior conducive to health
Purpose of health education
To facilitate knowledge
Health education programs are a means of…
Primary crisis prevention
Primary crisis prevention is accomplished by…
- Identifying high risk groups
2. Planning health education programs accordingly
Two basic concepts of health eduction identified by Mary Lousie Brown
- Prevention
2. Wellness
Tangible benefits of health promotion/education programs
- Improved productivity
- Decreased sick leave/absenteeism
- Decreased health care costs and efficient use of health benefits
- Decreased disability/injury illness experience/ workers compensation costs
- Decreased premature mortality
Intangible benefits of health promotion/education programs
- Increased morale
- Increased employee loyalty
- Reduced organizational friction (leads to productivity)
- Improved management and employee decision making
Components of planning process of health promotion/education program
- Obtain management support
- Develop management/advisory team
- Needs assessment
- Develop vision/mission statement
- Identify resources and set time frames
- Establish a budget
- Market the program
- Implement
- Evaluation
- Follow-up
- Incentives
- Link the workplace and the community
Components of developing a mission/vision statement
- Develop a strategic/business plan
2. Establish short & long range goals and objectives (purpose and scope of work to be accomplished)
Components of establishing a budget
- sufficient budget should be allocated
- cost benefit and cost effective analysis should be conducted
- variances monitored and defined
- return on investment illustrated
Components of marketing the program
- Communicate (product, place, price, promote)
2. Define and explain employee benefits plan
Components of evaluation
- Were goals and objectives met
- We’re desired results achieved
- Vendor evaluation
Outcome evaluations
Evaluate long term effects if the program
Components of follow-up
- Continual improvement
2. Continue to assess, revise, improve, promote and market the program
Examples of incentives
- Medical savings accounts
2. Rewards
Health belief models
- Health belief model
- Locus of control
- Self efficacy
- Health promotion model
- Theories of reasoned action
- Theory of social behavior
- Protection motivation theory
- Health action process approach
- Model of health promotion behavior
- Transtheorectical model of behavior
Health belief model
-positive difference between barrier and benefits
Key elements
- Perceived susceptibility
- Perceived severity
- Perceived benefits
- Perceive barriers
Locus of control
Beliefs (outcomes) and behaviors are influenced by others (external locus of control) or by his or her own behavior (internal locus of control)
Self-efficacy
- Social learning theory
- One can achieve a desired outcome
Health promotion model
Behaviors proactive versus reactive
Theories of reasoned action
Behavioral intentions are the result of attitudes, subjective norms and intentions
Theory of social behavior
Behavior includes person’s habits and intentions
Protection motivation theory
Combines and includes fear, arousal, appraisal and coping
Health action process approach
Health behavior changes over time
Model of health promotion behavior
Self efficacy plays a central role
Transtheorectical model of behavior
Contains five stages
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Planning
- Action
- Maintenance
Employee assistance programs
- A set of company policies and procedures for identifying or responding to personal or emotional problems which interfere directly or indirectly with job performance
- 24/7 access
- designed to motivate and assist employees to seek help for their personal problems
EAP programs encompass
- Family discord
- Substance abuse
- Legal conflicts
- Psychological and psychiatric problems
Five components of EAP programs
- Program Planning
- Program implementation
- Program maintenance
- Program performance and effectiveness
- Information management, records, data
Component of EAP program planning
- Company plan
- Policy and procedures
- Strategies
- Recordkeeping
Three target groups of EAP
- Employees/families
- Supervisors
- Administration
Four phases of clinical services in EAP
- Assessment of the problem
- Short term therapeutic counseling
- Preferred referral services
- Supervisor coaching, client follow-up and maintenance of a high quality network
Examples of marketing strategies for EAP program maintenance
- Posters
- Paycheck stuffers
- Plant wide promotion of the program
Types of adult education teaching methods
- Lecture
- Speak out
- Audiovisual materials
- Discussion
- Role playing
- Demonstration
- Worksheets and surveys
Strengths of lectures
- for large audiences
- stimulates thinking to open discussion
- contains experiences which can inspire the employees
Limitations of lectures
- audience is passive
- learning is difficult to gauge
- experts/lecturers do not always make good teachers
Strengths of speak out
-allows sharing if experiences among people in a large group
Limitations of speak out
- people may be too shy or inhibited to speak out
- all cannot share their experiences
Strengths of audiovisual materials
- keeps the audience’s attention
- effective for large groups
- entertaining way of teaching
Limitations of audiovisual materials
- too many issues often presented at one time
- does not require active participation
Strengths of discussion
- pools ideas and experiences from group
- allows for active participation
Limitations of discussion
- not practical with more than 20 people
- few can dominate while others do not participate
Strengths if role playing
- introduces problem/situation dramatically
- allows opportunity for people to assume role of others
- can explore many options and solutions to the problem
Limitations of role playing
- people may be too self conscious
- cannot work in large groups
Strengths of demonstration
- provides a true picture of how a task is to be done
- allows for participants to perform task
Limitations of demonstration
-not practical with more than 20 people
Strengths of worksheets and surveys
- allows people to think for themselves
- individual thought can be shared in a large group
Limitations of worksheets and surveys
-can be used for only short periods of time
Tips for seating for groups
- communication is facilitated when groups are arranged in informal circles
- participants can easily see and hear each other
- arrangement allows leader to function as member of the group
Most effective means of communication when a language problem exists
- multi media approach
- combining oral, visual and written information
Main objective of employee education in a nutrition program
Behavioral modificaiton
Most common health problem associated with nutrition in USA
Obesity
American Cancer Society guidelines for mammography
- baseline mammogram woman 35-40
- annually 40 and over
High risk women for breast cancer
- Family history
- Late menopause
- Menstruated before 12
Most common type of can’t among American men
Prostate cancer
One out of every —– American men will develop prostate cancer
6
Prostate cancer screening includes
- PSA blood test
- Digital rectal exam
- Urogenital exam
Four health pillars of Healthier US Mission
- Be physically active
- Eat a nutritious diet
- Get preventative screenings
- Make healthy choices
Secretary Thmpson’s Prevention Initiative
Envisions a nation where diseases are prevented when possible, controlled when necessary and treated when appropriate
More than —– Americans die of a chronic disease every year
1.7 million
Chronic disease accounts for —– of the 1.4 trillion we spend on health care
75%
More than —– Americans live with chronic conditions and millions of new cases are diagnosed each year
125 million
