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Occupational & Environmental Health > Drug And Alcohol Programs And Services > Flashcards

Drug And Alcohol Programs And Services Flashcards

0
Q

Omnibus Transportation Employee Testing Act of 1991 requires…

A

Governmental agencies with workers in safety sensitive positions to establish anti-drug programs

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1
Q

The Drug-free Workplace Act of 1983 requires…

A

Employers and employees who are federal grantees, or who are functioning as federal contractors to agree to establishing workplaces that are drug-free as a precondition of receiving Federal agency contracts or grants

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2
Q

Omnibus Transportation Employee Testing Act was established by…

A

The Department of Transportation’s (DOT) Operating Administrations Regulations

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3
Q

Year that DOT published rules of compliance for all facilities and supplemented the drug testing rules

A

1997

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4
Q

Results of 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) revealed that ——- of adults employed full or part time were characterized with abuse of, or dependence on, alcohol or drugs

A

77%

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5
Q

Workers with substance abuse problems are more likely to have more…..

A
  1. Absences
  2. Worksite accidents
  3. Workers compensation claims
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6
Q

——– of workers who die on the job test positive for alcohol or other drugs

A

10-20%

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7
Q

Industries with the highest rates of drug use

A
  1. Construction
  2. Mining
  3. Manufacturing
  4. Wholesale
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8
Q

Sources of cost alcohol and drug related problems have for American corporations

A
  1. Workplace theft
  2. Workplace violence
  3. Health care costs
  4. Lost productivity
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9
Q

Key consideration when developing an effective drug free program

A

Understanding the current impact of substance abuse in the organization and the professional or community partners available to promote success

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10
Q

Steps to take prior to developing drug free and/or drug and alcohol testing programs in the workplace

A
  1. Review all laws and regulations
  2. Bargaining with unions before changing work rules and policies
  3. Public employers must consider constitutional rights
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11
Q

Laws and regulations that should be reviewed for your jurisdiction prior to initiating drug free programs/ drug and alcohol testing

A

Regulations and mandatory requirements for:

  1. Drug free workplace programs
  2. Safety sensitive positions
  3. Disabilities
  4. Rehabilitation
  5. Discrimination
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12
Q

Requires bargaining with unions before changing work rules and policies

A

The National Labor Relations Act

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13
Q

Most common challenge to constitutional rights related to workplace alcohol and drug testing

A

Unreasonable search and seizure

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14
Q

1988 Drug Free Workplace was developed in order to:

A
  1. Educate small business concerns about the advantages of a drug free workplace
  2. Provide grants and technical assistance in addition to financial incentives to enable small business concerns to create a drug free workplace
  3. Assist working parents in keeping their children drug free
  4. Encourage small business employers and workers alike to participate in drug free workplace programs
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15
Q

Drug testing is required under the Drug Free Workplace Act of 1988

A

False

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16
Q

Vital first step before designing a drug testing program

A

Understanding various state and federal regulations that may apply to an organization

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17
Q

Many employers across the US are not required to drug test

A

True

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18
Q

Many state and local governments have statues that limit or prohibit workplace drug testing

A

True

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19
Q

Many private employers have the right to test for various substances only when drug testing policies are in accordance with state and federal regulations that may apply to their business or organization

A

True

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20
Q

All federal contractors and grantees covered by the Drug Free Workplace Act of 1988 must provide a drug free workplace as a precondition of receiving federal agency contracts or grants

A

True

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21
Q

The Drug Free Workplace Act of 1988 requires that:

A
  1. Policy statement specifying actions for those who violate the policy be developed and provided to all covered workers
  2. Drug free awareness program be established to raise worker awareness
  3. Workers be notified under the jurisdiction of federal contact or grant employment they must abide by terms of policy statement and notify employer of conviction of criminal drug violation in the workplace
  4. Contacting agency be notified of drug conviction of one of their employees
  5. Penalties or satisfactory participation in drug abuse assistance or rehabilitation program
  6. A good faith effort to maintain a drug free workplace
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22
Q

Drug free awareness programs are established to raise awareness of:

A
  1. Dangers of drug abuse in the workplace
  2. Policy of maintaining drug free workplace
  3. Any available drug counseling, rehabilitation and EAP
  4. Penalties that may be imposed for violations
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23
Q

Upon conviction of criminal drug violation in the work place an employee must notify the employer within….

A

5 calendar days

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24
Q

Upon receiving notice of criminal drug violation in the workplace the contracting agent should be notified within….

A

10 days

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25
Q

US Department of Labor recommends that drug free workplace programs…

A
  1. Balance the rights of the worker and the rights of the employer
  2. Balance the need to know and the right to privacy
  3. Balance detection and rehabilitation
  4. Balance respect for workers and the safety of all
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26
Q

Key elements of effective Drug Free Workplace program

A
  1. Written policy
  2. Drug and alcohol abuse prevention training and voluntary training for workers who are parents
  3. Illegal drug testing of workers
  4. Worker access to EAP program
  5. Continuing alcohol and drug abuse prevention training
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27
Q

Written policy for Drug Free Workplace program should include

A
  1. Expectations and prohibitions related to drug and alcohol abuse
  2. Consequences of violating the policy
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28
Q

Drug and alcohol abuse prevention training should not total less than…

A

2 hours for each worker

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29
Q

Components for illegal drug testing for workers

A
  1. Analysis conducted by drug testing laboratory certified by Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) or approved by the College of American Pathologists for drug testing
  2. Review each positive test result with a medical review officer
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30
Q

Worker access to EAP should include:

A
  1. Confidential assessment
  2. Referral
  3. Short term problem resolution
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31
Q

Purposes of drug and alcohol testing programs are to:

A
  1. Avoid hiring workers who use illegal drugs
  2. Deter workers from abusing alcohol or drugs
  3. Identify and refer for treatment those workers who are presently abusing drugs or alcohol
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32
Q

Prior to development and implementation of alcohol and drug screenings, employers should:

A
  1. Seek thorough legal, medical and human resources advice
  2. Bargain with unions before changing work rules and policies
  3. During program implementation, protect workers’ constitutional rights and prevent unreasonable search and seizure
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33
Q

Core terms related to drug and alcohol abuse

A
  1. Drug
  2. Drug and alcohol abuse
  3. Substance abuse
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34
Q

Drug

A

Any chemical substance that produces physical, mental, emotional or behavioral changes in the user

35
Q

Drug and alcohol abuse

A

The use of any drug or alcohol in a medically, socially or legally unacceptable manner

36
Q

Substance abuse

A

Occurs whenever an illegal drug is used, when a prescribed drug is misused, when drugs or alcohol are consumed to the point of physical or mental impairment, or when alcohol is used in an amount or at a time prohibited by the employer’s policy

37
Q

A company policy for a drug-testing program should adhere to applicable state and federal regulations including the following components:

A
  1. An explanation regarding why the program is being implemented
  2. A description of substance abuse related behaviors that are prohibited
  3. A thorough explanation of the consequences for violations of the policy
38
Q

When developing drug free policies, employers should:

A
  1. Involve legal counsel and unions (if applicable) in policy development
  2. Include ongoing worker input into policy development
  3. Give workers 30 to 60 days notice before the testing program starts
39
Q

There are several recordkeeping recommendations for drug and alcohol programs:

A
  1. Records that each worker has been notified of the company policy regarding drug testing should be maintained
  2. Workers should sign a receipt that they received a copy of the policy
  3. Information and training should be provided to workers well before the program begins
  4. Face to face training that includes an opportunity for employees to ask questions should be provided
40
Q

Several administrative issues should be considered when a drug and alcohol program is being developed

A
  1. Employers should keep detailed records of their drug and alcohol abuse prevention programs
  2. Workers’ alcohol testing records are confidential
  3. Comparison analysis of the costs of drug testing with the costs of accidents, injuries, industrial injury time loss, workers’ compensation claims and productivity before and after initiation of a drug testing program can provide helpful information
41
Q

When will detailed records of drug and alcohol abuse prevention programs become necessary?

A

If and when the program is inspected or audited by federal agencies

42
Q

Without a signed release who can alcohol testing records be released to?

A
  1. Employer
  2. Substance abuse professional
  3. DOT
43
Q

Laboratory certification (and monitoring) by ————- is required for federally mandated testing

A

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

44
Q

The testing methodology require by the DOT is…….

A

A two stage process, starting with and initial screening test, which, if positive for one or more drugs, is followed by a confirmation test

45
Q

The very sensitive initial screening test looks for….

A

The presence or absence of drugs

46
Q

Name of the very sensitive initial screening test

A

Immunoassay

47
Q

Confirmation test is performed for…….

A

Each identified drug

48
Q

Method of confirmation test

A

Gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry analysis

49
Q

Testing program must establish testing protocols, such as…..

A

The specific drugs to be tested and the cutoff level

50
Q

The most common drugs tested for (and required by federal testing)

A
  1. Marijuana
  2. Cocaine
  3. Amphetamines
  4. Opiates
  5. Phencyclidine
51
Q

Other drugs also abused but less commonly tested

A
  1. Barbiturates
  2. Hallucinogens
  3. Inhalants
  4. “Designer drugs”
52
Q

Cutoff levels are established by…..

A

SAMHSA

53
Q

The chain-of-custody procedures ensure…..

A

That the specimen’s security, proper identification and integrity are not compromised

54
Q

The chain-of-custody procedures track the ——— and ——— from initial collection to final disposition

A

Handling

Storage

55
Q

A positive test results must be linked back to…..

A

The individual whose name appears on the specimen bottle label

56
Q

All personnel who handle the specimen are……

A

Documented

57
Q

The Omnibus Transportation Employee Testing Act of 1991 requires….

A

At drug testing procedures for most transportation workers include split-specimen procedures

58
Q

In a spilt specimen procedure, each urine specimen is subdivided into two bottles, labeled as…..

A

Primary and split specimens

59
Q

In a split specimen collection, the ——– specimen is opened and used for the urinalysis; the ——- remains sealed and is stored in the laboratory

A

Primary

Split

60
Q

The worker has —— to request that the split specimen be sent to another SAMHSA-certified laboratory for analysis

A

72 hours

61
Q

To protect worker and employer, a ———— reviews and interprets all drug test results before they are reported to the employer

A

Medical review officer (MRO)

62
Q

Federal regulations require the MRO to…

A

Contact the worker in person or by telephone and conduct an interview to determine if there is an alternative medical explanation for the drugs found in the worker’s urine specimen

63
Q

What happens if the worker provides appropriate documentation for the drugs found in the urine specimen?

A

The MRO determines that it is legitimate medical use of the prohibited drug, the drug test result is then reported as negative to the employer

64
Q

As a quality assurance measure for the testing laboratory,employers are required by federal regulations to perform…..

A

Blind sample testing

65
Q

Pre employment it applicant drug testing

A

Is conducted to prevent hiring workers with drug or alcohol problems

66
Q

Why is pre employment or applicant drug testing the most popular type of drug testing?

A

Because it avoids union problems and potential future problems associated with substance abusing workers

67
Q

Post accident drug testing

A

Is used to determine if drug or alcohol abuse was a contributing factor to the accident, identify drug and alcohol abusers and deter drug and alcohol abuse

68
Q

Reasonable suspicion testing

A

Is conducted when an employer suspects that a worker is using alcohol or drugs in violation of the company’s policy

69
Q

Causation for reasonable suspicion drug testing

A

Based on specific, contemporaneous and articulable observations concerning the appearance, behavior, speech or body odor

70
Q

Random drug testing

A

Is conducted without suspicion that any particular worker is using drugs, and it identifies workers who are abusing drugs or alcohol but have been using the predictable testing schedule to escape detection

71
Q

Candidates for random testing should be selected using a…..

A

Simple random sampling method

72
Q

Why should a simple random sampling method be used for random drug testing

A

So that all workers eligible for testing are equally likely to be tested

73
Q

Random testing is recommended for workers in……

A

Safety or security sensitive positions and for workers in companies in which alcohol and drug abuse problems are common

74
Q

Federal regulations require random drug testing of at least —- of safety sensitive positions

A

50%

75
Q

Federal regulations require random alcohol testing of at least —– of safety sensitive workers

A

25%

76
Q

The federal random test rate is determined….

A

Annually

77
Q

The federal random testing rate is based upon…

A

The random positive rate for each industry

78
Q

Because alcohol is legal, random alcohol testing must be conducted….

A

Just before, during or after a worker’s performance of safety sensitive duties

79
Q

Return to duty and follow-up testing

A

Are conducted when a worker who has tested positive for drugs and been removed from the workplace returns to work performing safety sensitive duties

80
Q

Federal regulations require that follow-up tests must be….

A

Unannounced

81
Q

Federal regulations require that follow-up testing must have a minimum number of —– tests in the first twelve months after worker returns to duty

A

6

82
Q

Follow-up testing and monitoring may continue for up to…

A

5 years

83
Q

The frequency of follow-up tests should depend on…

A

The characteristics of the abused drug and the worker’s abuse-related behavior

84
Q

Federal regulations require that breath testing for alcohol be done with ———– approved by ———-

A

Evidential breath-testing devices

National Highway Traffic Safety Administation

85
Q

Some federal regulations require certain categories of safety-sensitive workers to report….

A

Any medical use of controlled substances

86
Q

Federal regulations pertaining to alcohol-related conduct mandate that a worker’s performance of safety sensitive functions is prohibited under the following circumstances:

A
  1. If an alcohol breath test indicates an alcohol concentration of 0.04 or greater
  2. While using alcohol
  3. Within four hours after using alcohol
  4. When worker uses alcohol within 8 hours after an accident or until tested
  5. When worker refuses to submit to an alcohol test

Occupational & Environmental Health (49 decks)

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