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Occupational & Environmental Health > Biological Chart- Done > Flashcards

Biological Chart- Done Flashcards

0
Q

Synonyms for rabies

A

Hydrophobia

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1
Q

Potential occupational exposures for rabies

A
  1. Vets
  2. Wild animal handlers
  3. Those involved with dogs and cats of unknown origin
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2
Q

Route of entry for rabies

A

Bite of rabid domestic or wild animal

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3
Q

Types of animals that can spread rabies

A
  1. Skunk
  2. Fox
  3. Bat
  4. Raccoon
  5. Dogs
  6. Cats
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4
Q

Local effects of rabies

A

None except bite

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5
Q

Systemic effects of rabies

A

Almost invariably fatal acute encephalitis

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6
Q

Preventative measures for rabies

A
  1. Avoid bites
  2. Vaccinate pets and farm animals
  3. Post-exposure immunization
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7
Q

Rabies type of disease

A

Viral

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8
Q

Potential occupational exposures cat scratch fever

A
  1. Animal lab workers
  2. Cat and dig handlers
  3. Vets
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9
Q

Route of entry for cat scratch fever

A

Break in skin from cat scratch, thorns, splinters

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10
Q

Local effects of cat scratch fever

A

Papule-pustule

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11
Q

Systemic effects of cat scratch fever

A
  1. Regional lymphadenitis
  2. Headache
  3. Mild fever

Self limited

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12
Q

Preventative measures for cat scratch fever

A
  1. Proper and immediate attention to scratches
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13
Q

Cat scratch fever type of disease

A

Viral

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14
Q

Potential Occupational exposures for orf virus

A
  1. Shepherds
  2. Stockyard workers
  3. Shearers
  4. Vets
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15
Q

Synonyms for Orf virus

A
  1. Ecthyma infectiosum

2. Ecthyma contagiosum

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16
Q

Route of entry for Orf virus

A

Small break in skin on exposed parts

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17
Q

Local effects if Orf virus

A

Pustule

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18
Q

Systemic effects of Orf virus

A
  1. Mild fever
  2. Lymphadenitis

Adenitis is self limiting

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19
Q

Preventative measures for Orf virus

A
  1. Pasture control measures

2. Hygienic precautions

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20
Q

Potential occupational exposures for Milker’s nodules

A
  1. Milk producers
  2. Dairy farmers
  3. Vets
  4. Cattle breeders
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21
Q

Synonyms for Milker’s Nodules

A
  1. Milker’s nodes

2. Pseudocowpox

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22
Q

Route of entry for Milker’s nodules

A

Break in skin of hands

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23
Q

Local effects of Milker’s Nodules

A

Single or multiple nodules

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24
Q

Systemic effects of Milker’s nodules

A

Possibly…

  1. Mild headache
  2. Fever
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25
Q

Preventative measures for Milker’s nodules

A
  1. Proper management of mastitis in cows

2. Use of gloves, soap and water and disinfectants

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26
Q

Milker’s nodules type of disease

A

Viral

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27
Q

Potential occupational exposures for Newcastle disease

A
  1. Poultry handlers
  2. Vets
  3. Virologists
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28
Q

Synonyms for Newcastle disease

A

Avian pneumoencephalitis

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29
Q

Route of entry of Newcastle disease

A

Upper respiratory tract

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30
Q

Local effects of Newcastle disease

A
  1. Lacrimation
  2. Edema of eyelids
  3. Conjunctivitis
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31
Q

Systemic effects of Newcastle disease

A
  1. Mild headache
  2. Fever
  3. Respiratory involvement

Self limited

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32
Q

Preventative measures for Newcastle disease

A
  1. Proper care and handling of infected birds
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33
Q

Newcastle disease type

A

Viral

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34
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever type of disease

A

Rickettsial/chlamydial

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35
Q

Potential occupational exposures for rocky mountain spotted fever

A
  1. Foresters
  2. Rangers
  3. Ranchers
  4. Farmers
  5. Hunters
  6. Anyone working in areas where ticks are present
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36
Q

Synonyms for rocky mountain spotted fever

A
  1. Spotted fever

2. Tick fever

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37
Q

Route of entry for rocky mountain spotted fever

A

To man by bite of infected tick

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38
Q

Local effects of Rocky Mountian spotted fever

A

Inflammation and itching from the bite

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39
Q

Systemic effects of rocky mountain spotted fever

A
  1. Sudden onset fever
  2. Headache
  3. Chills
  4. Rash
  5. Red eyes
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40
Q

Prevention measures for rocky mountain spotted fever

A
  1. Avoid tick infested areas
  2. Careful removal of ticks
  3. Wear protected clothing
  4. Sprays
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41
Q

Lyme disease type

A

Rickettsial/chlamydial

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42
Q

Potential occupational exposures to Lyme disease

A
  1. Foresters
  2. Rangers
  3. Ranchers
  4. Farmers
  5. Hunters
  6. Anyone working in areas where ticks are present
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43
Q

Synonyms for Lyme disease

A

Deer tick fever

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44
Q

Route of entry for Lyme disease

A

To man by bite from infected tick

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45
Q

Local effects from Lyme disease

A

Redness & bulls eye rash

Usually delayed symptoms

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46
Q

Systemic effects of Lyme disease

A
  1. Arthritic-type symptoms

2. Joint pain and swelling

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47
Q

Preventative measures for Lyme disease

A
  1. Avoid tick infested areas
  2. Sprays
  3. Protective clothing
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48
Q

Q fever disease type

A

Rickettsial & Chlamydial

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49
Q

Potential occupational exposures for Q fever

A
  1. Dairy farmers
  2. Ranchers
  3. Stockyard workers
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50
Q

Synonyms for Q fever

A

Australian Q fever

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51
Q

Route of entry for Q fever

A
  1. Inhalation with contaminated dust

2. Contact with infected animals

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52
Q

Local effects of Q fever

A

None

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53
Q

Systemic effects of Q fever

A
  1. Flu like

2. Possibly with pneumonitis

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54
Q

Preventive measures for Q fever

A
  1. Avoid aerosolized products of conception of animals

2. Pasteurization of milk

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55
Q

Ornithosis disease type

A

Rickettsial & chlamydial

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56
Q

Potential occupational exposures for ornithosis

A
  1. Pet shop employees
  2. Taxidermists
  3. Zoo attendants
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57
Q

Synonyms for ornithosis

A
  1. Psittacosis

2. Parrot fever

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58
Q

Route of entry for ornithosis

A

Inhalation of dried discharges and droppings of birds

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59
Q

Local effects of ornithosis

A

None

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60
Q

Systemic effects of ornithosis

A
  1. Headache
  2. Fever
  3. Diarrhea
  4. Lethargy
  5. Nausea
  6. Vomiting
  7. Pneumonitis
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61
Q

Preventive measures for ornithosis

A
  1. Importation regulations

2. Traffic control of imported birds

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62
Q

Tetanus disease type

A

Bacterial

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63
Q

Potential occupational exposures to tetanus

A

Any occupation where there is a hazard of trauma which breaks the skin

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64
Q

Synonyms for tetanus

A

Lockjaw

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65
Q

Route of entry for tetanus

A

Break in skin

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66
Q

Local effects of tetanus

A

Entry wound

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67
Q

Systemic effects of tetanus

A
  • Toxic painful spasms of jaw and neck muscles

- Untreated mortality is greater than 70%

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68
Q

Preventive measures for tetanus

A
  1. Active immunization
  2. Boosters
  3. Human immune globulin
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69
Q

Anthrax disease type

A

Bacterial

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70
Q

Potential occupational exposures to anthrax

A

Limited to workers handling goat hair, wool and hides

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71
Q

Synonyms for anthrax

A
  1. Wool sorters disease

2. Rag sorters disease

72
Q

Route of entry for anthrax

A

Small breaks in skin

73
Q

Local effects of anthrax

A

Vesicles initially, then depressed black eschar

74
Q

Systemic effects of anthrax

A

Spreads through nodes and blood stream.

Overwhelming septicemia

75
Q

Preventive measures for anthrax

A
  1. Certification of imported hides, hair, wool

2. Immunization

76
Q

Brucellosis disease type

A

Bacterial

77
Q

Potential occupational exposures for brucellosis

A
  1. Meat packing house employees
  2. Livestock producers
  3. Vets
78
Q

Synonyms for brucellosis

A
  1. Undulant fever
  2. Malta fever
  3. Bang’s disease
79
Q

Route of entry for brucellosis

A

Small cuts and scratches

80
Q

Local effects of brucellosis

A

None

81
Q

Systemic effects of brucellosis

A

Flu like

  1. Fever
  2. Headache
  3. Weight loss
  4. Weakness
82
Q

Preventive measures for brucellosis

A
  1. Control of disease in animals

2. Attention to minor cuts and scratches

83
Q

Leptospirosis disease type

A

Bacterial

84
Q

Potential occupational exposures for leptospirosis

A
  1. Farmers
  2. Field and sugar cane workers
  3. Livestock and packing house workers
  4. Sewer workers
  5. Miners
  6. Vets
  7. Military
85
Q

Synonyms for leptospirosis

A
  1. Weils disease

2. Swineherd’s disease

86
Q

Route of entry for leptospirosis

A
  1. Scratch or abrasion

2. Contact with infected urine or tissue

87
Q

Local effects of leptospirosis

A

None

88
Q

Systemic effects of leptospirosis

A
  1. Fever
  2. Headache
  3. Chills
  4. Severe aches
  5. Vomiting

Fatality may be 20%

89
Q

Preventive measures for leptospirosis

A
  1. Boots
  2. Gloves
  3. Vaccination of farm animals and pets
90
Q

Plague disease type

A

Bacterial

91
Q

Potential occupational exposures for plague

A
  1. Sheep herders
  2. Farmers
  3. Ranchers
  4. Hunters
  5. Geologists
92
Q

Synonyms for plague

A
  1. Black death

2. Bubonic plague

93
Q

Route of entry for plague

A
  1. Flea critical in maintenance

2. Rodents and wild mammals main source

94
Q

Local effects of plague

A
  1. Infected bite

2. Painful nodes

95
Q

Systemic effects of plague

A

Blood stream with pneumonia- high mortality

96
Q

Preventive measures for plague

A
  1. Control of rats

2. Active immunization

97
Q

Disease type tuberculosis

A

Bacterial

98
Q

Potential occupational exposures for tuberculosis

A

Health professionals

99
Q

Synonyms for tuberculosis

A

Consumption

100
Q

Route of entry for tuberculosis

A

Inhalation

101
Q

Local effects of tuberculosis

A

None

102
Q

Systemic effects of tuberculosis

A

Pulmonary

103
Q

Preventive measures for tuberculosis

A
  1. Isolation
  2. Waste control
  3. Skin test
  4. X-ray
104
Q

Mycobacterial infection disease type

A

Bacterial

105
Q

Potential occupational exposures for tuberculosis

A
  1. Fisherman

2. Handlers of tropical fish

106
Q

Synonyms for Mycobacterial infection

A
  1. Swimming pool granuloma

2. Fish tank granuloma

107
Q

Route of entry for Mycobacterial infection

A

Puncture wound, skin break

108
Q

Local effects of Mycobacterial infection

A
  1. Warty nodule

2. Paroncychia

109
Q

Systemic effects of Mycobacterial infection

A

None

110
Q

Preventive measures for Mycobacterial infection

A
  1. Gloves

2. Care of wounds

111
Q

Erysipeloid disease type

A

Bacterial

112
Q

Potential occupational exposures for erysipeloid

A
  1. Butchers

2. Poultry and fish handlers

113
Q

Synonyms for erysipeloid

A

None

114
Q

Route of entry for erysipeloid

A

Scratches, abrasions, puncture wounds

115
Q

Local effects of erysipeloid

A

Erythema, pain

116
Q

Systemic effects of erysipeloid

A

Occasional septicemia

117
Q

Preventive measures for erysipeloid

A
  1. Gloves

2. Care of wounds

118
Q

Tularemia type of disease

A

Bacterial

119
Q

Potential occupational exposures for tularemia

A
  1. Forestry workers
  2. Butchers
  3. Hunters
  4. Cooks
  5. Framers
  6. Vets
  7. Lab workers
120
Q

Synonyms for tularemia

A
  1. Deer fly fever

2. Rabbit fever

121
Q

Route of entry tularemia

A
  1. Disease of rodents
  2. Resembles plague
  3. Transmitted by fleas, ticks, lice
  4. Acquired by handling infected animals (from bites of infected insects, contaminated food or water)
122
Q

Local effects of tularemia

A

Ulcer inflamed nodes

123
Q

Systemic effects of tularemia

A
  1. Headache
  2. Fever
  3. Myalgia
  4. Chills
124
Q

Preventive measures for tularemia

A
  1. Rubber gloves
  2. Avoid raw meat/untreated water
  3. Cook game
  4. Avoid insects
125
Q

Candidiasis type of disease

A

Fungal

126
Q

Potential occupational exposures for candidiasis

A
  1. Dishwashers
  2. Cooks
  3. Bartenders
  4. Bakers
  5. Cannery and packing house workers
  6. Health workers
127
Q

Synonyms for candidiasis

A
  1. Moniliasis

2. Thrush

128
Q

Route of entry for candidiasis

A

Skin and mucus membranes

129
Q

Local effects of candidiasis

A

Cutaneous, oral and vaginal lesions

130
Q

Systemic effects of candidiasis

A

Rare

131
Q

Preventive measures for candidiasis

A
  1. Care of hands
  2. Protective cream
  3. Gloves
132
Q

Aspergillosis disease type

A

Fungal

133
Q

Potential occupational exposures to aspergillosis

A
  1. Farmers
  2. Grain mill workers
  3. Bird handlers
  4. Workers in rope factories
134
Q

Synonyms for aspergillosis

A

Hemp disease

135
Q

Route of entry for aspergillosis

A

Inhalation of spores

136
Q

Local effects of aspergillosis

A
  1. Lung
  2. Ear
  3. Eye
  4. Sinuses
137
Q

Systemic effects of aspergillosis

A

Blood stream dissemination to brain, heart, kidney spleen

138
Q

Preventive measures for aspergillosis

A
  1. Protective masks
139
Q

Histoplasmosis type of disease

A

Fungal

140
Q

Potential occupational exposures to histoplasmosis

A

Fungus grows in soils enriched by bat, chicken and other bird excrement

141
Q

Synonyms for histoplasmosis

A

Darling’s disease

142
Q

Route of entry histoplasmosis

A

Lungs

143
Q

Local effects histoplasmosis

A
  1. Pulmonary resembles tb

2. Mucocutaneous ulcers ( mouth, throat, tongue, bladder) rare

144
Q

Systemic effects of histoplasmosis

A

Ranges from self limited to fatal dissemination

145
Q

Preventive measures for histoplasmosis

A
  1. Dust control

2. Masks

146
Q

Type of disease sporotrichosis

A

Fungal

147
Q

Potential occupational exposures for sporotrichosis

A

Fungus exists on plants

  1. Farmers
  2. Gardeners
  3. Florists
  4. Nursery workers
148
Q

Synonyms for sporotrichosis

A

None

149
Q

Local effects of sporotrichosis

A

Hard, red nodules spreading to the extremities

150
Q

Systemic effects of sporotrichosis

A

Rare

151
Q

Preventive measures for sporotrichosis

A
  1. Long gloves

2. Arm protectors

152
Q

Potential occupational exposures for miscellaneous fungal diseases

A
  1. Farmers
  2. Sawmill operators
  3. Mushroom, sugarcane and cork workers
153
Q

Names of other miscellaneous occupational fungal diseases

A
  1. Farmer’s lung

2. Bagassosis

154
Q

Route of entry for miscellaneous fungal diseases

A

Inhalation of spores

155
Q

Local effects of miscellaneous fungal diseases

A

None

156
Q

Systemic effects of miscellaneous fungal diseases

A
  1. Acute respiratory infection

2. Asthmatic attacks

157
Q

Preventive measures for miscellaneous fungal infections

A
  1. Proper handing of products contaminated with molds

2. Dust respirators

158
Q

Swimmer’s itch type of disease

A

Parasitic

159
Q

Potential occupational exposures for swimmer’s itch

A
  1. Workers around fresh lakes, ponds, swamps
  2. Skin divers
  3. Dock workers
  4. Lifeguards
160
Q

Synonyms for swimmer’s itch

A
  1. Schistosome dermatitis
  2. Clamdiggers ditch
  3. Swamp itch
161
Q

Route of entry for swimmer’s itch

A

Penetration through wet skin

162
Q

Local effects of swimmer’s itch

A

Itching edema, macules, papules

163
Q

Systemic effects of swimmer’s itch

A

None

164
Q

Preventive measures for swimmer’s itch

A

Dry skin thoroughly and immediately

165
Q

Creeping eruption type of infection

A

Parasitic

166
Q

Potential occupational exposures to creeping eruption

A

Those working in areas where hookworm eggs in cat or dig fleas are deposited on warm, sandy soil

167
Q

Synonyms for creeping eruption

A

Cutaneous larva migrans

168
Q

Route of entry creeping eruption

A

Penetration of skin

169
Q

Local effects of creeping eruption

A

Serpiginous track of erythema, induration, pruritis

170
Q

Systemic effects of creeping eruption

A

None

171
Q

Preventive measures for creeping eruption

A
  1. Keep recreational areas free of dogs and cats
  2. Rubber boots
  3. Gloves
172
Q

Black widow spider

A
  • common throughout the united states particularly in warmer climates
  • found in darker places
  • red hour glass mark on female
  • male does not bite
173
Q

Black widow spider route of entry

A
  • through bite
  • venom is Neurotoxic
  • pinprick sensation and numbing may go unnoticed
174
Q

Effects of black widow spider bite

A
  • Works on nervous system
  • rigidity of stomach muscles
  • severe abdominal pain
  • difficulty swallowing
  • paralysis
175
Q

Preventive measures for black widow spider bites

A
  1. Spay areas of infestation with creosote every two months

2. Wear protective gloves and clothing

176
Q

Bee, wasp and yellow jacket stings

A
  • occur everywhere
  • around foods- especially protein
  • stinger should be removed
  • local effects include localized edema, pain and swelling
  • anaphylaxis will usually occur within 20 minutes
  • do not wear fragrances, bright colors or go barefoot
  • use repellents
177
Q

Brown recluse spider bites

A
  • common in south central US
  • most bites occur between April and October
  • reaction begins 2-8 hours after bite
  • localized constriction of blood vessels causes necrosis
  • blister in 3-4 days
  • ulcer in 2-3 week
  • systemic effects include fever, chills, malaise, vomiting, joint pains, convulsion
  • may cause death in small children
  • no known specific treatment
  • may use cortisones, antibiotics, antihistamines
  • spray area with creosote

Occupational & Environmental Health (49 decks)

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