Science Q2 - Human Body Organs Flashcards
All living things are made up of _____.
cells
You have _______ different kinds of cells in your body and each has a special function.
200
Some cells are make up the skin and act as a covering for your body. These are the _______
skin cells
The cell that bring oxygen to the different parts of the body and take carbon dioxide away.
Red blood cells (RBC)
Give at least 5 kinds of cells.
skin cells
nerve cells
white blood cells
red blood cells
bone cells
Cells that help fight infections?
White blood cells (WBC)
Cells that carry messages to and from your brain?
Nerve cells
Cells that make up the skin and act as a covering for your body?
Skin cells
Cells that allow you to move?
Muscle cells
Cells that make up bones are?
Bone cells
Groups of cells found in your hand, mouth, stomach, and in other parts of your body are called ______.
tissues
The body contains four main types of tissues. These are the?
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue
A tissue consists of packed cells that form surface covering, such as the layer of your skin and the lining of your nose. This covers and protects inner tissues.
epithelial tissue
A tissue that joins, supports, protects, insulates, nourishes, and cushions the body organs.
connective tissue
A tissue that keeps organs, such as the stomach and heart from falling apart.
connective tissue
Sample of connective tisue?
bones and ligaments
Is made up of cells that can contract and relax to produce movement.
muscle tissue
Is a tissue that helps move the parts of your body?
muscle tissue
A tissue that sends electrical signals to your body?
nervous tissue
A tissue that is found in your brain, nerves and sense organs.
nervous tissue
Two or more tissues working together form an ______.
organ
Organs working together make up an ______.
organ system
The stomach, the small and large intestines, and other organs form the organ system called _______.
digestive system
True or False: Humans and other organisms are made up of several organ systems.
True
Enumerate the 7 organ systems?
Skeletal Systems
Muscular Systems
Circulatory Systems
Nervous Systems
Respiratory Systems
Digestive Systems
Excretory Systems
Major Internal organs in the skeletal system?
bones
Major internal organs in the muscular system?
skeletal muscles and smooth muscles
Major internal organs in the circulatory system?
heart, blood vessels, and blood
Major internal organs in the nervous system?
brain, spinal cord and nerves
Major internal organs in the respiratory system?
lungs
Major internal organs in the digestive system?
stomach, small and large intestines
Major internal organs in the excretory system?
kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
A system that supports and protects the internal organs; allows movement.
Skeletal system
A system that moves that body and its parts.
Muscular system
A system that delivers nutrients to body cells and carries away wastes from the cells.
Circulatory system
A system that receives and transmits messages in the body.
Nervous system
A system that moves oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood.
Respiratory system
A system that breaks down food into simple nutrients that the body cells can use.
Digestive system
A system that removes waste products from the body.
Excretory system
Is the primary control center of your body. It is able to receive, integrate, store, and retrieve information.
Brain
An organ that sends information to other parts of the body. It is also the source of thoughts, emotions and moods.
Brain
The brain is protected by the cranium or skull. It is composed of cells called _____
neurons
Neurons carry electrical signals called _______
impulses
The _____ is connected to the spinal cord, which helps nerves send neurons to different parts of the body.
brain
The brain has three connected parts:
cerebrum, the cerebellum and the medulla
Is the largest part of the brain, which controls voluntary movements and detects touch, light, sound, odor, taste, pain, heat, and cold.
cerebrum
Receives sensory impulses from the muscles and joints.
cerebellum
Connects the brain to the spinal cord.
medulla
The cerebrum is the large rounded area of the brain divided into _____ and _____.
right hemispheres and left hemispheres
The left side of the brain controls ______
language, speech, and critical thinking
The right side of the brain is important in ______
performing arts and music
At the rear of the brain is the ______________.
cerebellum
It controls balance, posture, and coordination. It sends impulses to different skeletal muscles to make them contract, keeping you upright.
cerebellum
The part of your brain that connects to your spinal cord is called _______
medulla
It controls your blood pressure, heart rate, involuntary breathing, and some other involuntary activities
medulla
Is a bundle of nerve tissues extending from the brain through the backbone.
spinal cord
True or False: Messages from the brain and the body run up and down the spinal cord.
True
Is a brain injury from a hard hit resulting in a temporary disturbance in brain function, sometimes with unconsciousness and confusion.
concussion
Is an abnormal increase of the cerebrospinal fluid inside the skull, making the brain enlarged. Usually, the fluid is not circulating in the brain properly.
hydrocephalus
True or False: Any sensory information to and from the brain may not be able to travel if the spinal cord is injured.
True
True or False: It is important to take care of your brain and spinal cord.
True
True or False: Mental exercises, such as puzzle games, are effective in developing your memory and your critical thinking skills.
True
Is a muscular organ about the size of your fist that pumps throughout the body.
heart
Your heart is divided into left and right _____ and _____.
atria, ventricles
Each heart has an upper and lower ______.
chamber
The upper chamber called ____.
atrium (plural: atria)
Receives blood entering the heart?
atrium (plural: atria)
The lower chamber called _____.
ventricle
Pumps blood out of the heart and into the different parts of the body.
ventricle
The _____ is a connective tissue made up of cells and plasma.
blood
Is the fluid part of blood.
Plasma
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets float in the ______.
Plasma
Is a type of cells that supply your cells with oxygen?
Red blood cells
Is a type of cells that defend the body from infection.
White blood cells
It helps reduce blood loss by forming blood clots when you cut your skin.
Platelets
Are composed of intricate networks of hollow tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body.
Blood vessels
Examples of blood vessels include (3 possible answers)
arteries, veins and capillaries
How blood flow through the heart. (enumerate the 5 steps)
Blood enters the atria first.
1. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
2. The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body.
3. When the atria contract blood is squeezed into the ventricles.
While the atria relax, the ventricles contract and push blood out of the heart.
4. Blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs.
5. Blood from the left ventricle goes to the rest of the body.
How does a heartbeat is produce?
Blood flow into both the atria and ventricles, causing the heart to contract and relax.
The sound of the heartbeat is usually described as ______
lub-dub
The leading cause of death involving the heart is the disease called ______.
antherosclerosis
Occurs when fatty materials build up inside the blood vessels, causing the vessels to narrow and become up inside the blood vessels.
Antherosclerosis
An abnormal increase of blood pressure?
Hypertension
How do you keep your heart healthy?
Exercises such as jogging and running. Avoid eating fatty foods. Eat a variety of vegetables, fruits and whole grains such as rice, cereals, oats and pasta to help your body maintain resistance to diseases.
Breathing is made possible by the ____.
lungs
Provide oxygen to the heart and other body organs for them to function.
lungs
Is the passageway of air traveling to the lungs
trachea
The trachea splits into two tubes called ____
bronchi (singular: bronchus)
A bronchus goes to each lung and branches into thousands of tiny tubes called ________
bronchioles
The bronchioles form a cluster of small, microscopic, bubble-like sacs, called ______
alveoli
A dome-shaped muscle underneath the lungs.
diaphragm
During inhalation or breathing in, your diaphragm _____ causing the volume of your chest cavity to increase.
contracts
During exhalation or breathing out, the diaphragm ______, causing the volume of chest cavity to decrease.
relaxes
Is an infection of the alveoli resulting in an accumulation of tissue fluids.
Pneumonia
If enough alveoli are affected, the patient may need supplemental _____.
oxygen
Is a bacterial infection of the lungs that can be spread through coughing, sneezing, and direct contact.
tuberculosis
Another respiratory ailment caused by periodic compression of the bronchi and bronchioles, making it difficult to breathe.
Asthma
Digestion of food begins in the ______.
mouth
Help tear and crush the food.
teeth
Secrete saliva that moistens the food, making it softer and easier to swallow.
salivary glands
Sends food to the stomach.
esophagus
Muscle contractions, that squeeze food through the esophagus and into the stomach are called _______
peristalsis
Is a muscular organ that absorbs and churns food to make it easier for the intestines to digest.
stomach
Food in the stomach that is partially digested and mixed with the acids is called.
chyme
They are squeezed out of the stomach by peristalsis, passing to the small intestines.
chyme
An inflammation or irritation of the lining of the stomach due to stress or use of certain medicines.
Gastritis
Stomach ulcers are also known as ____
peptic ulcers
Are painful stores in the stomach lining. They occur when the thick layer of mucus protecting your stomach is reduced.
stomach ulcers or peptic ulcers
Is characterized by loose and watery bowel movement.
Diarrhea
True or False: Diarrhea may last for two days and can be treated by drinking small amounts of dirty water?
False: (clean water)
It will help soften and add weight to stool, moving it from the stomach to the intestines.
Fiber
Samples of herbs that can help soothe digestion as well as relieve upset stomach, nausea, and vomiting.
ginger, cinnamon and thyme
Are responsible for breaking down food into nutrients, small enough to be absorbed and used by the cells of the body in order to form energy.
intestines
Two types of intestines?
small intestine and the large intestine
Contains digestive enzymes and bile.
small intestines
After passing through the small intestines undigested food (waste) passes into the _____
large intestines
Absorbs water and minerals from the waste?
large intestines
The waste be passed on by the large intestine to the rectum. It will be eliminated as ______.
feces
Occurs when too much water is removed, causing hard stools.
Constipation
Is a type of disorder when bowel movements become less frequent and difficult.
constipation.
Is a disorder in which the intestines become inflamed and sore.
colitis
True or False: Not walking is not an exercise that can keep your digestive system healthy by improving blood flow to the intestines.
False: Simple Walking or walking is an exercise that can keep your digestive system healthy by improving blood flow to the intestines.
An organ located at the right side of the stomach just below the diaphragm?
liver
It is an accessory organ of the digestive system.
liver
An organ that processes that nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. It secretes bile which helps in digesting fat.
liver
An organ also detoxifies potential harmful chemicals.
liver
Is a green muscular sac attached to the liver that stores bile.
gallbladder
The tubes that carry bile through the liver and gallbladder are known as
bile ducts
The bile ducts join to form the larger ducts that carry bile from the _____ and ____ lobes of the liver.
left, right
It stores and concentrates bile that released into the small intestine.
gallbladder
It helps the intestine absorb and digest fats.
bile
Occurs when normal liver cells are replaced by scar tissue as a result of liver disease.
cirrhosis
Please provide symptoms of liver diseases:
weakness and fatigue
weight loss
nausea
vomiting
yellow discoloration of the skin
Are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can formed in your gallbladder.
Gallstones
Is an inflammation of the liver caused by eating or drinking contaminated food.
Hepatitis A
Infection is acquired by a child from an infected mother.
Hepatitis B
Please provide tips to keep your liver in good condition.
Please refer to page 100 of your book.
Are important organs that filter out waste products from the blood and control water content of the blood.
Kidney
The two kidneys are located in the _______.
lower back
The kidneys remove liquid wastes called ______, excess water, and other substances from the blood.
urea
The kidneys contain ____ , the tiny tubes with a capsule on one passing end.
nephrons
Is a fluid that is carried to the urinary bladder through the ureter.
urine
Is a saclike organ that stores urine until it can be released from the body.1
urinary bladder
Urine passes from the body through a tube called the _____.
urethra
The _____, consists of the kidneys, bladder and urethra, can be infected by bacteria or viruses causing ______.
urinary tract
urinary tract infection (UTI)
Are deposits of uric acid, salts and other substances that have gathered inside the kidneys.
kidney stones
Most common way to avoid kidney stones?
by drinking plenty of water. It is also important to regulate your eating of meat and seafood.
Support the body and protect the internal organs?
bones
Also provide movement and site for blood cell formation.
bones
A soft flexible tissue is called?
cartilage
True or False: The cartilage is replaced by bones as you grow?
True
Bones are held together by strips of tough connective tissue called ____
ligaments
The long bones of your arms and legs are shaped like _____
cylinders
The point where two or more bones connect is the ____
joint
Allows your body to move and your muscles to contract.
joints
Types of joints in your body.
fixed or immovable joint
ball and socket joints
hinge joints
pivot joints
slightly movable joints
A broken bone is called
fracture
An injury which occurs when a fluid-filled sac becomes inflamed as a result of the overuse of a joint.
bursitis
Another type of injury common to sports players due to overstretching of ligaments.
sprain
This happens when a cartilage wears away, causing an inflammation or swelling in the knee joints or elbow joints.
arthritis
Is a condition brought about by weakening of the bones.
Osteoporosis
Is an essential mineral for the proper development of teeth and bones.
Calcium
Are responsible for the movement of the body.
Muscles
3 types of muscles
skeletal muscles ( striated muscles)
smooth muscles
cardiac muscles
Muscles that are attached to the bones for movement and help protect the inner organs.
skeletal muscles
Skeletal muscles appear to be striped, thus they are called _____
striated muscles.
Muscles that are responsible for voluntary movements such as dancing, smiling, and walking.
skeletal muscles
Muscles that are found in the internal body organs like the stomach and intestines to help in the movement of food.
smooth muscles
Muscles that are also found in the blood vessels to help in the movement of the blood cells.
smooth muscles
Muscles that are found in the heart and cause the heart to beat.
cardiac muscles
The actions of the smooth and cardiac muscles are _____
involuntary
The action of the skeletal muscles can be ______ and _____
voluntary
involuntary
A _______ is caused by overstretching or tearing of the muscle.
muscle strain
Is a tear or strain of one of the muscles or tendons at the back of the thigh.
pulled hamstring
Is an inherited disease that is characterized by weakness and wasting away of muscle tissue, eventual loss of strength, increasing disability, and possible deformity.
Muscular dystrophy
_____ exercise increases the size and strength of skeletal muscles.
Aerobic
It’s an exercise that strengthens the heart muscles while increasing endurance of the skeletal muscles.
Aerobic exercise
