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MARY > Science Q2 - Human Body Organs > Flashcards

Science Q2 - Human Body Organs Flashcards

1
Q

All living things are made up of _____.

A

cells

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2
Q

You have _______ different kinds of cells in your body and each has a special function.

A

200

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3
Q

Some cells are make up the skin and act as a covering for your body. These are the _______

A

skin cells

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4
Q

The cell that bring oxygen to the different parts of the body and take carbon dioxide away.

A

Red blood cells (RBC)

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5
Q

Give at least 5 kinds of cells.

A

skin cells
nerve cells
white blood cells
red blood cells
bone cells

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6
Q

Cells that help fight infections?

A

White blood cells (WBC)

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7
Q

Cells that carry messages to and from your brain?

A

Nerve cells

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8
Q

Cells that make up the skin and act as a covering for your body?

A

Skin cells

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9
Q

Cells that allow you to move?

A

Muscle cells

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10
Q

Cells that make up bones are?

A

Bone cells

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11
Q

Groups of cells found in your hand, mouth, stomach, and in other parts of your body are called ______.

A

tissues

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12
Q

The body contains four main types of tissues. These are the?

A

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue

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13
Q

A tissue consists of packed cells that form surface covering, such as the layer of your skin and the lining of your nose. This covers and protects inner tissues.

A

epithelial tissue

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14
Q

A tissue that joins, supports, protects, insulates, nourishes, and cushions the body organs.

A

connective tissue

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15
Q

A tissue that keeps organs, such as the stomach and heart from falling apart.

A

connective tissue

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16
Q

Sample of connective tisue?

A

bones and ligaments

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17
Q

Is made up of cells that can contract and relax to produce movement.

A

muscle tissue

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18
Q

Is a tissue that helps move the parts of your body?

A

muscle tissue

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19
Q

A tissue that sends electrical signals to your body?

A

nervous tissue

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20
Q

A tissue that is found in your brain, nerves and sense organs.

A

nervous tissue

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21
Q

Two or more tissues working together form an ______.

A

organ

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22
Q

Organs working together make up an ______.

A

organ system

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23
Q

The stomach, the small and large intestines, and other organs form the organ system called _______.

A

digestive system

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24
Q

True or False: Humans and other organisms are made up of several organ systems.

A

True

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25
Q

Enumerate the 7 organ systems?

A

Skeletal Systems
Muscular Systems
Circulatory Systems
Nervous Systems
Respiratory Systems
Digestive Systems
Excretory Systems

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26
Q

Major Internal organs in the skeletal system?

A

bones

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27
Q

Major internal organs in the muscular system?

A

skeletal muscles and smooth muscles

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28
Q

Major internal organs in the circulatory system?

A

heart, blood vessels, and blood

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29
Q

Major internal organs in the nervous system?

A

brain, spinal cord and nerves

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30
Q

Major internal organs in the respiratory system?

A

lungs

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31
Q

Major internal organs in the digestive system?

A

stomach, small and large intestines

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32
Q

Major internal organs in the excretory system?

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

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33
Q

A system that supports and protects the internal organs; allows movement.

A

Skeletal system

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34
Q

A system that moves that body and its parts.

A

Muscular system

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35
Q

A system that delivers nutrients to body cells and carries away wastes from the cells.

A

Circulatory system

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36
Q

A system that receives and transmits messages in the body.

A

Nervous system

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37
Q

A system that moves oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood.

A

Respiratory system

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38
Q

A system that breaks down food into simple nutrients that the body cells can use.

A

Digestive system

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39
Q

A system that removes waste products from the body.

A

Excretory system

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40
Q

Is the primary control center of your body. It is able to receive, integrate, store, and retrieve information.

A

Brain

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41
Q

An organ that sends information to other parts of the body. It is also the source of thoughts, emotions and moods.

A

Brain

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42
Q

The brain is protected by the cranium or skull. It is composed of cells called _____

A

neurons

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43
Q

Neurons carry electrical signals called _______

A

impulses

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44
Q

The _____ is connected to the spinal cord, which helps nerves send neurons to different parts of the body.

A

brain

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45
Q

The brain has three connected parts:

A

cerebrum, the cerebellum and the medulla

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46
Q

Is the largest part of the brain, which controls voluntary movements and detects touch, light, sound, odor, taste, pain, heat, and cold.

A

cerebrum

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47
Q

Receives sensory impulses from the muscles and joints.

A

cerebellum

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48
Q

Connects the brain to the spinal cord.

A

medulla

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49
Q

The cerebrum is the large rounded area of the brain divided into _____ and _____.

A

right hemispheres and left hemispheres

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50
Q

The left side of the brain controls ______

A

language, speech, and critical thinking

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51
Q

The right side of the brain is important in ______

A

performing arts and music

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52
Q

At the rear of the brain is the ______________.

A

cerebellum

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53
Q

It controls balance, posture, and coordination. It sends impulses to different skeletal muscles to make them contract, keeping you upright.

A

cerebellum

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54
Q

The part of your brain that connects to your spinal cord is called _______

A

medulla

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55
Q

It controls your blood pressure, heart rate, involuntary breathing, and some other involuntary activities

A

medulla

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56
Q

Is a bundle of nerve tissues extending from the brain through the backbone.

A

spinal cord

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57
Q

True or False: Messages from the brain and the body run up and down the spinal cord.

A

True

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58
Q

Is a brain injury from a hard hit resulting in a temporary disturbance in brain function, sometimes with unconsciousness and confusion.

A

concussion

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59
Q

Is an abnormal increase of the cerebrospinal fluid inside the skull, making the brain enlarged. Usually, the fluid is not circulating in the brain properly.

A

hydrocephalus

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60
Q

True or False: Any sensory information to and from the brain may not be able to travel if the spinal cord is injured.

A

True

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61
Q

True or False: It is important to take care of your brain and spinal cord.

A

True

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62
Q

True or False: Mental exercises, such as puzzle games, are effective in developing your memory and your critical thinking skills.

A

True

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63
Q

Is a muscular organ about the size of your fist that pumps throughout the body.

A

heart

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64
Q

Your heart is divided into left and right _____ and _____.

A

atria, ventricles

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65
Q

Each heart has an upper and lower ______.

A

chamber

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66
Q

The upper chamber called ____.

A

atrium (plural: atria)

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67
Q

Receives blood entering the heart?

A

atrium (plural: atria)

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68
Q

The lower chamber called _____.

A

ventricle

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69
Q

Pumps blood out of the heart and into the different parts of the body.

A

ventricle

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70
Q

The _____ is a connective tissue made up of cells and plasma.

A

blood

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71
Q

Is the fluid part of blood.

A

Plasma

72
Q

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets float in the ______.

A

Plasma

73
Q

Is a type of cells that supply your cells with oxygen?

A

Red blood cells

74
Q

Is a type of cells that defend the body from infection.

A

White blood cells

75
Q

It helps reduce blood loss by forming blood clots when you cut your skin.

A

Platelets

76
Q

Are composed of intricate networks of hollow tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body.

A

Blood vessels

77
Q

Examples of blood vessels include (3 possible answers)

A

arteries, veins and capillaries

78
Q

How blood flow through the heart. (enumerate the 5 steps)

A

Blood enters the atria first.
1. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
2. The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body.
3. When the atria contract blood is squeezed into the ventricles.
While the atria relax, the ventricles contract and push blood out of the heart.
4. Blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs.
5. Blood from the left ventricle goes to the rest of the body.

79
Q

How does a heartbeat is produce?

A

Blood flow into both the atria and ventricles, causing the heart to contract and relax.

80
Q

The sound of the heartbeat is usually described as ______

A

lub-dub

81
Q

The leading cause of death involving the heart is the disease called ______.

A

antherosclerosis

82
Q

Occurs when fatty materials build up inside the blood vessels, causing the vessels to narrow and become up inside the blood vessels.

A

Antherosclerosis

83
Q

An abnormal increase of blood pressure?

A

Hypertension

84
Q

How do you keep your heart healthy?

A

Exercises such as jogging and running. Avoid eating fatty foods. Eat a variety of vegetables, fruits and whole grains such as rice, cereals, oats and pasta to help your body maintain resistance to diseases.

85
Q

Breathing is made possible by the ____.

A

lungs

86
Q

Provide oxygen to the heart and other body organs for them to function.

A

lungs

87
Q

Is the passageway of air traveling to the lungs

A

trachea

88
Q

The trachea splits into two tubes called ____

A

bronchi (singular: bronchus)

89
Q

A bronchus goes to each lung and branches into thousands of tiny tubes called ________

A

bronchioles

90
Q

The bronchioles form a cluster of small, microscopic, bubble-like sacs, called ______

A

alveoli

91
Q

A dome-shaped muscle underneath the lungs.

A

diaphragm

92
Q

During inhalation or breathing in, your diaphragm _____ causing the volume of your chest cavity to increase.

A

contracts

93
Q

During exhalation or breathing out, the diaphragm ______, causing the volume of chest cavity to decrease.

A

relaxes

94
Q

Is an infection of the alveoli resulting in an accumulation of tissue fluids.

A

Pneumonia

95
Q

If enough alveoli are affected, the patient may need supplemental _____.

A

oxygen

96
Q

Is a bacterial infection of the lungs that can be spread through coughing, sneezing, and direct contact.

A

tuberculosis

97
Q

Another respiratory ailment caused by periodic compression of the bronchi and bronchioles, making it difficult to breathe.

A

Asthma

98
Q

Digestion of food begins in the ______.

A

mouth

99
Q

Help tear and crush the food.

A

teeth

100
Q

Secrete saliva that moistens the food, making it softer and easier to swallow.

A

salivary glands

101
Q

Sends food to the stomach.

A

esophagus

102
Q

Muscle contractions, that squeeze food through the esophagus and into the stomach are called _______

A

peristalsis

103
Q

Is a muscular organ that absorbs and churns food to make it easier for the intestines to digest.

A

stomach

104
Q

Food in the stomach that is partially digested and mixed with the acids is called.

A

chyme

105
Q

They are squeezed out of the stomach by peristalsis, passing to the small intestines.

A

chyme

106
Q

An inflammation or irritation of the lining of the stomach due to stress or use of certain medicines.

A

Gastritis

107
Q

Stomach ulcers are also known as ____

A

peptic ulcers

108
Q

Are painful stores in the stomach lining. They occur when the thick layer of mucus protecting your stomach is reduced.

A

stomach ulcers or peptic ulcers

109
Q

Is characterized by loose and watery bowel movement.

A

Diarrhea

110
Q

True or False: Diarrhea may last for two days and can be treated by drinking small amounts of dirty water?

A

False: (clean water)

111
Q

It will help soften and add weight to stool, moving it from the stomach to the intestines.

A

Fiber

112
Q

Samples of herbs that can help soothe digestion as well as relieve upset stomach, nausea, and vomiting.

A

ginger, cinnamon and thyme

113
Q

Are responsible for breaking down food into nutrients, small enough to be absorbed and used by the cells of the body in order to form energy.

A

intestines

114
Q

Two types of intestines?

A

small intestine and the large intestine

115
Q

Contains digestive enzymes and bile.

A

small intestines

116
Q

After passing through the small intestines undigested food (waste) passes into the _____

A

large intestines

117
Q

Absorbs water and minerals from the waste?

A

large intestines

118
Q

The waste be passed on by the large intestine to the rectum. It will be eliminated as ______.

A

feces

119
Q

Occurs when too much water is removed, causing hard stools.

A

Constipation

120
Q

Is a type of disorder when bowel movements become less frequent and difficult.

A

constipation.

121
Q

Is a disorder in which the intestines become inflamed and sore.

A

colitis

122
Q

True or False: Not walking is not an exercise that can keep your digestive system healthy by improving blood flow to the intestines.

A

False: Simple Walking or walking is an exercise that can keep your digestive system healthy by improving blood flow to the intestines.

123
Q

An organ located at the right side of the stomach just below the diaphragm?

A

liver

124
Q

It is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

A

liver

125
Q

An organ that processes that nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. It secretes bile which helps in digesting fat.

A

liver

126
Q

An organ also detoxifies potential harmful chemicals.

A

liver

127
Q

Is a green muscular sac attached to the liver that stores bile.

A

gallbladder

128
Q

The tubes that carry bile through the liver and gallbladder are known as

A

bile ducts

129
Q

The bile ducts join to form the larger ducts that carry bile from the _____ and ____ lobes of the liver.

A

left, right

130
Q

It stores and concentrates bile that released into the small intestine.

A

gallbladder

131
Q

It helps the intestine absorb and digest fats.

A

bile

132
Q

Occurs when normal liver cells are replaced by scar tissue as a result of liver disease.

A

cirrhosis

133
Q

Please provide symptoms of liver diseases:

A

weakness and fatigue
weight loss
nausea
vomiting
yellow discoloration of the skin

134
Q

Are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can formed in your gallbladder.

A

Gallstones

135
Q

Is an inflammation of the liver caused by eating or drinking contaminated food.

A

Hepatitis A

136
Q

Infection is acquired by a child from an infected mother.

A

Hepatitis B

137
Q

Please provide tips to keep your liver in good condition.

A

Please refer to page 100 of your book.

138
Q

Are important organs that filter out waste products from the blood and control water content of the blood.

A

Kidney

139
Q

The two kidneys are located in the _______.

A

lower back

140
Q

The kidneys remove liquid wastes called ______, excess water, and other substances from the blood.

A

urea

141
Q

The kidneys contain ____ , the tiny tubes with a capsule on one passing end.

A

nephrons

142
Q

Is a fluid that is carried to the urinary bladder through the ureter.

A

urine

143
Q

Is a saclike organ that stores urine until it can be released from the body.1

A

urinary bladder

144
Q

Urine passes from the body through a tube called the _____.

A

urethra

145
Q

The _____, consists of the kidneys, bladder and urethra, can be infected by bacteria or viruses causing ______.

A

urinary tract
urinary tract infection (UTI)

146
Q

Are deposits of uric acid, salts and other substances that have gathered inside the kidneys.

A

kidney stones

147
Q

Most common way to avoid kidney stones?

A

by drinking plenty of water. It is also important to regulate your eating of meat and seafood.

148
Q

Support the body and protect the internal organs?

A

bones

149
Q

Also provide movement and site for blood cell formation.

A

bones

150
Q

A soft flexible tissue is called?

A

cartilage

151
Q

True or False: The cartilage is replaced by bones as you grow?

A

True

152
Q

Bones are held together by strips of tough connective tissue called ____

A

ligaments

153
Q

The long bones of your arms and legs are shaped like _____

A

cylinders

154
Q

The point where two or more bones connect is the ____

A

joint

155
Q

Allows your body to move and your muscles to contract.

A

joints

156
Q

Types of joints in your body.

A

fixed or immovable joint
ball and socket joints
hinge joints
pivot joints
slightly movable joints

157
Q

A broken bone is called

A

fracture

158
Q

An injury which occurs when a fluid-filled sac becomes inflamed as a result of the overuse of a joint.

A

bursitis

159
Q

Another type of injury common to sports players due to overstretching of ligaments.

A

sprain

160
Q

This happens when a cartilage wears away, causing an inflammation or swelling in the knee joints or elbow joints.

A

arthritis

161
Q

Is a condition brought about by weakening of the bones.

A

Osteoporosis

162
Q

Is an essential mineral for the proper development of teeth and bones.

A

Calcium

163
Q

Are responsible for the movement of the body.

A

Muscles

164
Q

3 types of muscles

A

skeletal muscles ( striated muscles)
smooth muscles
cardiac muscles

165
Q

Muscles that are attached to the bones for movement and help protect the inner organs.

A

skeletal muscles

166
Q

Skeletal muscles appear to be striped, thus they are called _____

A

striated muscles.

167
Q

Muscles that are responsible for voluntary movements such as dancing, smiling, and walking.

A

skeletal muscles

168
Q

Muscles that are found in the internal body organs like the stomach and intestines to help in the movement of food.

A

smooth muscles

169
Q

Muscles that are also found in the blood vessels to help in the movement of the blood cells.

A

smooth muscles

170
Q

Muscles that are found in the heart and cause the heart to beat.

A

cardiac muscles

171
Q

The actions of the smooth and cardiac muscles are _____

A

involuntary

172
Q

The action of the skeletal muscles can be ______ and _____

A

voluntary
involuntary

173
Q

A _______ is caused by overstretching or tearing of the muscle.

A

muscle strain

174
Q

Is a tear or strain of one of the muscles or tendons at the back of the thigh.

A

pulled hamstring

175
Q

Is an inherited disease that is characterized by weakness and wasting away of muscle tissue, eventual loss of strength, increasing disability, and possible deformity.

A

Muscular dystrophy

176
Q

_____ exercise increases the size and strength of skeletal muscles.

A

Aerobic

177
Q

It’s an exercise that strengthens the heart muscles while increasing endurance of the skeletal muscles.

A

Aerobic exercise

MARY (32 decks)

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