Grade 6 - Energy & Machines Flashcards
The ability to do work.
Energy
Energy exists in different forms. Give out 6 forms.
- mechanical energy
- electrical energy
- light energy
- chemical energy
- sound energy
- thermal energy
What are the two main categories of energy.
Potential energy
Kinetic energy
Anything that is in motion possesses ______.
kinetic energy (ke)
The energy stored in an object due to its position, condition, or configuration. Like the battery.
potential energy (pe)
Different forms of potential energy?
Chemical energy
Gravitational energy
Other forms of energy includes…
mechanical energy
radiant energy
sound energy
thermal energy
A type of energy may be in a form of kinetic energy or potential energy, or both.
mechanical energy
Give an example of an object that has mechanical energy?
pendulum
What is the name of the weight attached to the end of a pendulum’s rod or string?
bob
The energy associated with the movement of electric charges?
electricity
What do you call the energy that the sun provides?
radiant or light energy
Electric energy may be produced from _______.
solar energy
This is considered an inexhaustible source of energy?
Solar energy
Give examples of devices that generate electricity.
car battery
flashlight battery
Car battery and flashlight battery are referred as a _________. Device that generates electrical energy from chemical reactions or facilitates chemical reactions through the use of electrical energy.
electrochemical cells
The energy brought about by a vibrating medium.
Sound energy
How does sound travels?
Sound energy travels through solids, liquids, and gases.
We call reflected sounds as?
echoes.
A technology used to detect objects underwater and measure distances by using sound waves or echoes.
Sonar (short for Sound Navigation and Ranging)
The total internal energy of an object or system due to the motion of its particles (atoms or molecules). It is a form of energy that comes from the temperature of a substance. As the temperature of an object increases, the particles move faster, and the thermal energy increases.
Thermal energy
Composed of atoms or molecules that are in constant motion.
Matter
How does a thermal energy of an object is determined?
By how active its atoms and molecules are.
What are sources of thermal energy?
It can come from the sun, inside the Earth (geothermal), electricity on a hot flat iron, friction when two objects rub against each other, and nuclear reactions.
The change of energy from one form to another is known as ___________.
energy transformation
What governs energy transformation?
The law of conservation of energy.
What does the law of conservation of energy govern in terms of energy transformation?
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. This principle governs how energy changes from one type to another in any process.
A mechanical device that can be used to change the direction of a force or multiply force (change magnitude).
simple machine
A rigid bar that turns around a pivot called the fulcrum.
lever
The fixed point or support around which a lever pivots or rotates. It is the point where the lever is balanced and acts as the center of rotation during the application of force.
fulcrum
What is the use of a lever?
It is used to help move or lift a heavy or fixed load on one end when force is applied to the other end.
A simple machine that is used to lift a big rock.
crowbar
The force you exert at one end of the meterstick to lift a small book on the other end is called?
effort
The distance between the part of the lever where you exert force and the fulcrum is known as the?
effort arm
The weight you need to lift is the ______
load or resistance.
The distance between the part of the lever where the load is located and the fulcrum is known as the ________.
resistance arm
What are the 3 classes of lever?
first class
second class
third class
How do you define a first class lever?
The fulcrum is between the load and the effort.
What are some examples of first class levers?
pliers
crowbar
scissors
hammer with a claw
shovel
How do you define a second class lever?
The load or resistance is between the effort and the fulcrum.
Give an examples of a second class lever?
wheelbarrow
nutcrackers
bottle openers
How do you define a third class lever?
They have the effort between the fulcrum and the load.
Examples of third class lever?
tweezers
sugar tong
fishing rod
A flat surface with one end higher than the other.
Inclined plane
Give examples of an inclined plane?
car ramps
parking ramps
slides in playground
ladders
skyways
flyovers
They are used to transport heavy loads to a higher place with less effort.
ramps
An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder or pole?
screw
What are the two important parts of a screw?
the thread
the pole or cylinder
The distance between threads is called _______.
pitch
A common example of a screw that works efficiently.
jackscrew
Is sometimes referred to as a double inclined plane.
wedge
Give an example of a wedge?
knife
The wheels of a car are connected by a circular rod, called as the ________.
axle.
A simple machine consisting of a larger wheel attached to a smaller axle, so that when one is turned, the other moves as well.
wheel and axle
Examples of wheel and axle?
Bicycle: The wheels are attached to the axle, and when you pedal, the wheels turn, making the bicycle move.
Door knob: Turning the knob (the wheel) rotates the spindle or axle, which opens or closes the door.
Car steering wheel: The steering wheel is attached to the axle of the car’s steering mechanism. When you turn the wheel, it moves the axle and changes the direction of the car’s wheels.
Wagon: The wheels on a wagon are attached to an axle. When the wheels turn, the axle moves the entire wagon forward.
Fishing reel: The spool (wheel) is connected to an axle. When you turn the reel handle, the spool rotates and winds up the fishing line.
A simple machine that changes the direction of the force.
pulley
A type of pulley wherein the wheel is attached to a stationary point, and it does not move.
Fixed pulley
A type of pulley that moves along the rope with the load.
Movable pulley
A combination of a fixed pulley and movable pulleys.
Block and tackle.
What are the 3 kinds of pulley.
Fixed pulley
Movable pulley
Block and tackle (Compound pulley)
T/F: Whether electrically powered or manually operated, machines have the potential to cause harm or damage.
True
Specific rules for the care and safety in handling a particular machine can be found in?
The manual or brochure that is provided by the manufacturer.
T/F: Always read the manual or brochure before installing or operating the machine.
True
What are the General Rules for Safety in Handling Machines.
- Check if the machine is in good working condition before using it.
- Make sure you know how to use the machine properly.
- Do not play with machines, particularly ones with sharp or pointed parts.
- Carry sharp and pointed tools, such as a knife, a pair of scissors, or screwdriver, with the pointed edge facing down.
- When lifting objects using a pulley, make sure the rope is strong enough to carry the load.
- Stay away from places where heavy loads are being lifted by a system of pulleys.
- Always have your car or bicycle wheels checked to make sure that they are safety and securely attached to the axle.
- Keep children away from machines, particularly when they are in use.
- When using a ladder, make sure that it is in a safe and sturdy position.
- Always keep machines in their proper places, such as a toolbox, when not in use.
Proper ways of caring for simple machines.
- Use simple machines only for purposes they are designed for.
- After using tools, clean them before putting them back in a toolbox or cabinet.
- Use appropriate oil to clean simple machines made of metal, such as a hammer and pliers and to prevent them from becoming rusty.
