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MARY > Grade 6 - Nervous System > Flashcards

Grade 6 - Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

A network of cells and tissues that control thoughts, movements, as well as, life processes. It controls the different parts of your body.

A

Nervous system

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2
Q

What are the two major divisions of the human nervous system?

A

Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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3
Q

What comprises the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What comprises the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

A

cranial and spinal nerves

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5
Q

This is a network of nerves that transmits messages to CNS. It links CNS to muscles and other organs.

A

PNS- peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

A part of the nervous system that interprets messages relayed by the nerves and transmits them to other organs in the body.

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

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7
Q

What are the important functions of the nervous system?

A

It collects and receives information from inside the body and from the outside environment to facilitate response. Responses are elicited from the receptors found on the sense organs. Receptors receive different information from the environment.

It directs thought processes such as memory, intelligence, and learning.

It controls movement and balance. When you play basketball, your nervous system sends messages to your muscle to dribble the ball.

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8
Q

What is the specialized cells in the nervous system that store information and carry messages within the nervous system and between other body systems?

A

neurons or nerve cells

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9
Q

How is neuron divided?

A

The neuron is divided into 3 parts

cell body
dendrite
axon

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10
Q

What is the main part of the neuron that contains the nucleus, which houses the neuron’s genetic information?

A

cell body

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11
Q

What are the branchlike extensions on the cell body that receives messages from other neurons?

A

Dendrites

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12
Q

This extends from the cell body and often gives rise to many smaller branches before ending at nerve terminals.

A

axon

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13
Q

This carries electrical messages away from the cell body and passes them to other cells and are wrapped with myelin sheath?

A

axon

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14
Q

A fatlike substance that accelerates the transmission of nerve impulse along axons?

A

myelin sheath

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15
Q

What is the difference between myelinated axons from unmyelinated axons?

A

Myelinated axons transmit nerve impulse faster than those that are not.

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16
Q

What are the classification of neurons that are based on the direction in which they send information to and from the body?

A

sensory neuron
motor neuron
interneuron

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17
Q

What is the function of the sensory neuron?

A

Sends information from the environment (sensory receptors) toward the brain and spinal cord (CNS).

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18
Q

What is the function of the motor neuron?

A

Carries messages away from the brain or spinal cord (CNS) to your muscles or glands causing them to react or move.

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19
Q

What is the function of the interneuron?

A

Sends information between sensory neurons and motor neurons; most interneurons are located in the CNS.

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20
Q

The tiny space that separates neurons?

A

Synapse

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21
Q

A neurotransmitter that has been released by axon when stimulated?

A

Acetylcholine

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22
Q

What organ is protected by the skull and surrounded by fluid which cushions it from injury?

A

brain

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23
Q

The support cells in the nervous system that support, protect, and maintain the functioning of neurons?

A

Glia

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24
Q

Is an amazing organ that is responsible for higher thinking processes including memory, judgement, and reason. This also control body movement and regulates body processes. The emotions and feelings are also controlled by this organ?

A

brain

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25
Q

How is the brain divided?

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
brain stem

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26
Q

This is the largest part of the brain?

A

cerebrum

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27
Q

How is the cerebrum divided?

A

Divided into two cerebral hemispheres:

left hemisphere
right hemisphere

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28
Q

The artistic, aesthetic, creativity, musical, and visual-spatial capabilities are all controlled by?

A

The right hemisphere

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29
Q

Responsible for language, reasoning and analytical abilities are controlled by?

A

The left hemisphere

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30
Q

The part of the brain that is located under the cerebrum?

A

cerebellum

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31
Q

The part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and also helps maintain posture and balance.

A

cerebellum

32
Q

The part of the brain that carries out higher thought processes that allow you to learn, make judgement and decision, solve problems, and recall?

A

cerebrum

33
Q

The part of the brain that receives sensory impulses from joint and muscles to help your body move precisely and smoothly.

A

cerebellum

34
Q

The part of the brain that connects the brain and spinal cord.

A

brain stem

35
Q

The part of the brain that controls the involuntary activities required for life such as breathing, digestion, and heart rate?

A

brain stem

36
Q

What are the 3 major parts of the brain stem?

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

37
Q

The part of the brain stem that controls reflex actions responsible for eye movement and changes the size of pupil to regulate the amount of light penetrating the eye.

A

midbrain

38
Q

The part of the brain stem that has a reflex center for head movement, regulates breathing in response to visual and auditory stimuli, and passes signals between the brain and the spinal cord.

A

pons

39
Q

The part of the brain stem that connects the brain to the spinal cord; houses control centers for involuntary and life-sustaining functions such as blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, hiccup, sneezing, and coughing.

A

medulla oblongata

40
Q

Is a long, tube like structure that bridges impulses between the brain and the body?

A

Spinal cord

41
Q

The spinal cord also controls involuntary movements called?

A

reflexes

42
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves that are connected to the brain?

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves

43
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves connected to the spinal cord?

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

44
Q

How is the Peripheral Nervous System divided into?

A

somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

45
Q

Part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates all voluntary movements of the body?

A

somatic nervous system

46
Q

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls automatic or involuntary movements?

A

autonomic nervous system

47
Q

The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into?

A

sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system

48
Q

A subdivision of autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for action and stress (fight or flight).

A

sympathetic nervous system

49
Q

A subdivision of autonomic nervous system relaxes the body to conserve energy (rest and digest or feed and breed)

A

parasympathetic nervous system

50
Q

These are specialized organs that detect external stimuli from the environment?

A

Sense organs

51
Q

What does the sense organs contain that respond to stimuli and transmit data to the brain?

A

sensory receptors

52
Q

What are different types of sensory receptors?

A

photoreceptor
chemoreceptor
mechanoreceptor
thermoreceptor
pain receptor

53
Q

What are different types of sense organs?

A

eyes
nose
tongue
ears
skin

54
Q

A type of sensory receptor that detects light?

A

photoreceptor

55
Q

A type of sensory receptor that detects chemicals?

A

chemoreceptor

56
Q

A type of sensory receptor that responds to pressure, movement, and tension?

A

mechanoreceptor

57
Q

A type of sensory receptor that detects temperature?

A

thermoreceptor

58
Q

A type of sensory receptor that responds to heat, cold, and pressure?

A

pain receptor

59
Q

Summarize how the sense organs coordinate with the nervous system to prompt a response when you touched a hot object?

A
  1. A painful stimulus activates a sensory neuron.
  2. The signal is transmitted by the sensory neuron to the spinal cord.
  3. The signal is transmitted to an interneuron then to a motor neuron.
  4. The motor neuron stimulates the muscle.
  5. The muscle causes a response.
60
Q

A term for a quick automatic reaction to a stimulus.

A

reflex

61
Q

What are the possible disorders of the nervous system?

A

Cerebral palsy
Multiple sclerosis
Parkinson’s disease
Epilepsy
Paralysis
Concussion
Mental retardation

62
Q

A disability attributed to a damage in the brain occurring before, during, or immediately after birth. This condition is associated with neurological and mental problems.

A

Cerebral palsy

63
Q

A chronic disease affecting the nervous system resulting from damaged and hardened myelin sheath surrounding the nerves of the brain and spinal cord.

A

Multiple sclerosis

64
Q

What are some of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

A

Visual disturbances
Muscle weakness
Memory problems

65
Q

A degenerative disorder that affects movement.

A

Parkinson’s disease

66
Q

What does a person with Parkinson’s disease experience?

A

The person with Parkinson’s disease experiences shaking or tremor, stiff muscles, and slow movement.

67
Q

A disease characterized by overactive electrical discharges causing temporary communication problem between the nerve cell. This causes seizures.

A

Epilepsy

68
Q

A damage or injury of the spinal cord. It is accompanied by sensory loss and involves loss of muscle function.

A

Paralysis

69
Q

A type of internal head injury that causes temporary loss of brain function.

A

Concussion

70
Q

This refers to a brain injury that prevents the brain from developing normally.

A

Mental retardation

71
Q

What are some healthful ways to help maintain a functional nervous system.

A

Avoiding drugs and alcohol
Getting enough sleep

72
Q

What does a doctor provides to patients to remind them of the right amount of drugs and medicines to take for a period of time?

A

prescription guides

73
Q

A type of drug that speeds up the activity of the nervous system?

A

caffeine

74
Q

What is an addictive substance found in cigarettes?

A

nicotine

75
Q

What is a drug that slows down the activity of the nervous system?

A

alcohol

MARY (34 decks)

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