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MARY > Science -4th Qtr - Stop playing with that Soil Charlie, Athan and Nyle! > Flashcards

Science -4th Qtr - Stop playing with that Soil Charlie, Athan and Nyle! Flashcards

1
Q

____ is a mixture of decayed matter and weathered rock particles.

A

Soil

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2
Q

Soil consists of

A

organic materials
water
air
weathered rock materials

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3
Q

True or False: When rocks break into smaller pieces, weathering happens.

A

True

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4
Q

What might happen if rocks weather very often? It may lead to _________.

A

soil formation.

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5
Q

Weathering may be ________ or ________.

A

Mechanical
Chemical

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6
Q

It refers to the breaking down of rocks into pieces without changing its chemical composition.

A

Mechanical weathering

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7
Q

Example of mechanical weathering.

A

Hammering of rocks into pieces.

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8
Q

Is the breaking down of rocks as a result of a chemical reaction. And this leads to the formation of new substances.

A

Chemical weathering

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9
Q

A type of weathering that undergoes physical change.

A

Mechanical weathering

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10
Q

A type of weathering that reacts with acid, forms clay material, forms a new material, and undergoes chemical change.

A

Chemical weathering

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11
Q

Different factors break rocks apart. These factors are called ______.

A

agents of weathering.

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12
Q

True or False: Plants can weather rocks?

A

True

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13
Q

Describe how Plants weather rocks?

A

Some plant root grows into rocks. As the root grow, they push against rocks and concrete that can lead to fracture. After some time, the rocks crack open. This eventually break rocks into pieces. Even mosses can enlarge tiny cracks as they grow.

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14
Q

How can human activities weather rocks?

A

People break rocks when building houses, roads, and other structures. Heavy equipments and machines smash rocks to break them apart. Human activities like mining and farming also break rocks.

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15
Q

Animals contribute to weathering? Yes or No.

A

Yes

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16
Q

How animals contribute to weathering?

A

When animals scratch rocks with their bodies, claws, or hooves, rocks break and weathering occurs.

Some animals like earthworms and some insects burrow in the ground. This loosens and breaks rocks apart in the soil.

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17
Q

True or False: Wind, water, and changes in temperature also cause weathering. They also contribute to soil formation.

A

True

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18
Q

True or False: Wind can cause physical weathering.

A

True

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19
Q

How can wind cause physical weathering?

A

The wind can blow tiny grains of sand against a rock. The action wears the rock away and weathers it. As the rock wears away and weathers, more sand particles are carried by the wind.

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20
Q

How does a river weather its rocks?

A

When running a water rubs off a rock against another rock, their surfaces smoothen. This can be seen in rocks at the base of a waterfall. Water also seeps inside the rocks. When water inside the rocks freezes, it expands causing the rocks to break.

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21
Q

How can forces of nature weather rocks?

A

Gravity pulls rocks from mountains to lower grounds. When rocks fall down the ground, they break into pieces. A strong wind can also blow rocks down a mountainside.

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22
Q

How can changes in temperature also affect weathering?

A

The rise and fall in temperature break rocks. Rocks expand when heated and contract when cooled. The alternate expansion and contraction crumble rocks into pieces.

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23
Q

Plants and animals die and decay, they are broken down by decomposers such as ______

A

bacteria

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24
Q

True or False: Bacteria secretes acids that react with minerals found in rocks. The chemical reaction causes rocks to break into pieces.

A

True

25
Q

True or False: Animal waste products also help weather rocks?

A

True

26
Q

Factories and power plants produce pollutants like ______ and _________ when they burn fossil fuels.

A

sulfur oxides
nitrogen oxides

27
Q

_____ is formed when compounds (sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides) mix with rain when it falls.

A

Acid rain

28
Q

True or False: Acid rain can crumble rocks into pieces.

A

True

29
Q

Water is chemically composed of _______ and ______.

A

oxygen
hydrogen

30
Q

Sometimes, water carries other substances like carbon dioxide such as ______.

A

rain water.

31
Q

When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, a weak acid is formed called ____________.

A

carbonic acid

32
Q

Carbonic acid weathers rock like ________ and ___________.

A

marble and limestone.

33
Q

Different types of soil particles?

A

sand, silt, clay and loam.

34
Q

A type of soil that is mostly found on beaches and seashores?

A

Sand

35
Q

Is it true that sandy soil has a coarse texture and it implies that it has low water retention ability?

A

True

36
Q

A type of soil that is a granular material made up of rock and mineral particles that are larger than clay, but smaller than sand?

A

Silt

37
Q

How does silt created?

A

It is created when rock is eroded, or worn away, by water and ice. As flowing water transports tiny rock fragments, they scrape against the sides and bottoms of stream beds, chipping away more rock.

38
Q

Is it true that many species of organisms thrive in slick, silt soil? Lotus plants take its root in muddy, silt wetlands, but their large flowers are above water.

A

True

39
Q

Due to its particle size, silt soil can hold minimal water and provide air circulation, true or not?

A

True

40
Q

A type of soil that is composed of very small particles of weathered rock. It has poor water drainage. This means that water is absorbed slowly and is retained for a long time. The water clogged in the soil limits the plant roots from getting oxygen.

A

Clay

41
Q

What are kinds of plants that thrive well in clay soil?

A

potato, cabbage, grass, and rice.

42
Q

It’s a soil mixture that has a good amount of sand, silt, and clay is called?

A

loam soil

43
Q

The best soil for growing plants?

A

loam soil

44
Q

Is made up of decayed plant and animal matter that helps make the soil fertile.

A

Humus

45
Q

Is it true that loam soil contains humus?

A

Yeah, it is true.

46
Q

Types of plants that grow on loam soil?

A

bamboo, vegetables, fruit-bearing plants, and ornamental plants such as roses.

47
Q

True or False: Soil is a vital part of the environment.

A

True

48
Q

What are the importance of soil.

A
  1. Soil holds water and provides nutrients to plants.

2.Soil provides habitat for many organisms.

3.Houses, infrastructures, and buildings are built on soil.

4.Clay soil may be molded to form vases, plates, and pots. Soil can also be used to create statues.

49
Q

Is the result of the production or addition of unwanted materials and substances to soil?

A

Soil pollution.

50
Q

What causes soil pollution?

A
  1. Too much use of fertilizers and pesticides.
  2. Improper garbage disposal pollutes the soil.

3.Mining and using different metals from the ground, and processing the metal to become useful produces mine tailings that pollute the land and water.

4.Human activities like illegal logging and the kaingin system pollute the soil.

51
Q

Is the act of keeping the soil healthy and in place.

A

Soil conservation.

52
Q

True or False: Garbage is a major pollutant in our environment?

A

True

53
Q

True or False: Garbage may include corrosive, flammable, reactive, and toxic chemicals that contaminate the soil.

A

True

54
Q

Some ways to prevent soil pollution?

A
  1. Observe the 3Rs. (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle)
  2. Plant more trees.
  3. Segregate wastes properly.
  4. Be pro-environment.
55
Q

The use of trash materials in arts is called _____?

A

junk art

56
Q

Is a type of material that decay under natural conditions.

A

Biodegradable materials

57
Q

Examples of biodegradable materials?

A

fruit peels, vegetable scraps, and leftover foods.

58
Q

Is a type of material that do not decompose or take a long time to decompose.

A

nonbiodegradable materials.

59
Q

Examples of nonbiodegradable materials?

A

plastics and glasses.

MARY (34 decks)

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