Grade 6 - Human Body Flashcards
What do you think will happen to the oranges if you squeeze and throw them?
By squeezing the oranges, you’ll release the juice inside.
Oranges will likely break apart or bruise when thrown, depending on how hard they are squeezed and how forcefully they are thrown. If they are already weakened by squeezing, the skin might split or the orange could burst on impact, making a mess. If the orange is mostly intact, it could just get bruised or squashed.
Is the body’s outer protective layer, consisting of the skin and also includes the hair, nails, and the sweat and oil glands. This protects your body from injury.
Integumentary System
Is the largest organ of the human body.
Skin
What are the different functions of the skin?
It acts as an excretory organ, a sense organ, and a temperature regulator.
What are the 3 layers of the human skin?
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
It has a receptors that recognize heat, cold, pain, and touch?
skin
It shields your body from ultraviolet (UV) rays emitted from the sun and from microorganisms that can enter and harm the other body systems.
skin
It also protects you from mechanical and physical injuries.
skin
Is the outermost layer of the skin.
epidermis
It has pores through which sweat and oil are excreted. Its surface consists of dead cells that continually shed off and replaced by new cells.
epidermis
What is the tough protein in the epidermis that prevents water from seeping into the body?
Keratin
It is also the key component of your hair and nail.
Keratin
It waterproofs and protects the cells and tissues underneath?
Keratin
What is the pigment in the epidermis which is responsible for your skin color. It also shields you from the harmful UV rays of the sun?
melanin
What type of skin cell is responsible for the production of melanin?
melanocytes
What is the middle layer of the skin called?
dermis
What structures are found in the dermis layer of the skin?
nerve endings
blood vessels
sweat and oil glands
What is the coiled tube in the skin that secretes sweat?
sweat gland
What is the waste product excreted through the pores of the skin?
sweat
What is the organ that functions as an excretory organ in the body?
skin
What happens to blood vessels in the skin when a person feels hot, causing the skin to appear reddish?
The blood vessels enlarge to allow more blood to flow.
What substance is produced by the sebaceous or oil glands to naturally moisturize and lubricate the skin?
sebum
What are the regions in the skin where hair grows and contain pain receptors that sense pain when a hair is pulled out?
Hair follicles.
What is the inner layer of the skin that is responsible for fat storage that insulates the body to make sure that you stay warm?
hypodermis
What are the common ailments of the Integumentary System?
Acne
Boil or furuncle
Athlete’s foot
An-an or Tinea versicolor
Burn
Melanoma
What is acne, and how does it manifest on the skin?
Acne is the inflammation of an oil gland, which results in various bumps on the skin. These bumps can appear as pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads, indicating clogged pores and inflammation due to excess oil and bacteria.
This refers to the infection in the hair follicle or sweat gland cause by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.
Boil or furuncle
What bacteria that causes boil or furuncle?
Staphylococcus aureus.
This is a type of skin disease that affects the foot. It is usually scaly, red, and itchy.
Athlete’s foot.
What type of fungi that is commonly found on floors and clothing?
Trichophyton
What type of fungal infection caused by yeast?
An-an or Tinea versicolor
What leads to rashes on the skin and that also involves the discoloration of the affected area brought about by the acidic bleach from the yeast?
Overgrowth of yeast
What type of lesion of the skin caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or sun exposure?
Burn
This may range from first degree or minimal damage to third degree or extensive damage?
Skin burn
What type of skin cancer that develops in the melanocytes of the epidermis that usually develops in area that are overexposed to the sun?
Melanoma
What are ways to take care of the skin?
Avoid exposing yourself to too much sunlight.
Make sure you have the right protection for your skin. Apply sunscreen and wear long sleeves.
Eat vegetables and fruits that are rich in Vitamin C and E.
Drink at least 8 glasses of water every day.
Observe proper hygiene to ensure cleaner and healthier skin.
Have 9 to 12 hours of sleep to allow your body repair damages on your skin.
What system is made up of your skeletal and muscular systems?
Musculoskeletal system.
What makes up the skeletal system?
Bones, cartilages, and joints.
What makes up the muscular system?
Muscles.
What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system?
Posture, support, and shape.
Protection
Movement
Production of red blood cells
Mineral storage
How is the human skeleton categorized, and what are the two main divisions?
The human skeleton can be categorized into two main divisions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
What are the main components of the axial skeleton?
The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, and ribs.
What are the main components of the appendicular skeleton?
Upper limbs - includes arms and hands. And the shoulder girdle which are loosely attached to the bones of the arms and legs allowing movement.
Lower limbs - includes legs and feet.
What are the primary materials that make up the human skeleton?
The human skeleton is primarily composed of cartilage and bones.
What is the outer covering of the bone, and what type of tissue is it made of?
The outer covering of the bone is called the periosteum, and it is made of connective tissue.
What is cartilage made of, and what function does it serve in the body?
Cartilage is made of flexible connective tissue, which allows for smooth movement between joints and provides cushioning.
What is a point where two bones meet and are held together by tough tissues?
Joint
What tough tissues hold two bones together at a joint?
Ligaments
How are joints classified and what are the classification?
Classified according to the movement they allow.
Immovable joints or fixed joints
Slightly or partially movable joints
Freely movable or synovial joints
What type of joint classification that are fibrous joints which are firmly attached to one another?
Immovable joints or fixed joints.
Provide an example of an immovable joint?
The suture joints in the skull.
What type of joint classification that allows partial or slight movement due to the presence of cartilages?
Slightly or partially movable joints.
What type of joint classification that allows wide range of movement?
Freely movable or synovial joints.
Provide examples of movable joints?
gliding joints
pivot joints
ball and socket joint
saddle joint
Type of movable joints that are found where two bones turn on each other and allow rotation?
Pivot joints
Examples of pivot joints?
elbows
top two vertebrae that support the skull
Type of movable joints that are found in the hip and shoulder and this allow the arm or leg to move in almost any direction?
Ball-and-socket joints.
Type of movable joints that allow a bone to move front to back and left to right?
Saddle joints.
Type of movable joints that allow the flat surfaces of bones to slide over each other?
Gliding joints.
Type of movable joints that allow bones to move in one direction like a swinging door?
Hinge joints
Where can hinge joints be found?
knees
elbows
fingers
toes
What are the common ailments of the skeletal system?
fracture
dislocation
sprain
arthritis
scoliosis
rickets
osteoporosis
What is it called when bones break or crack?
fracture
This is a type of injury that temporarily deforms and immobilizes your joint?
dislocation
What will happen if the ligaments tear or break?
sprain happens
A type of condition when the cartilage wears away and causes inflammation and swelling in the knee or elbow joints.
arthritis
Type of condition when there is an abnormal curvature of the spine?
scoliosis
A type of ailment resulted from a lack of vitamin D that distorts and softens bones.
Rickets
A type of condition in which bones weaken and break easily due to the loss of mineral.
osteoporosis
They are responsible for body movements and are capable of different types of movement.
muscles
What are types of muscle movement?
voluntary
involuntary
Type of muscle movement that are under our conscious control or will?
voluntary muscles
Type of muscle movement that can’t be controlled?
involuntary muscles
What are 3 types of muscle tissues?
skeletal muscles
cardiac muscles
smooth muscles
Type of muscle tissues that are attached to the skeleton and make the bones move?
skeletal muscles
Type of muscle tissues that are found in the walls of the heart?
cardiac muscles
Type of muscle tissues that form parts of the internal organs such as the bladder, stomach, intestines, and blood vessels.
smooth muscles
What are the common ailments of muscular system?
muscle strain
muscle pull
muscle tear
pulled hamstring
cramp
tetanus
muscular dystrophy
A tear or a strain of one of the muscles or tendons at the back of the thigh?
pulled hamstring
A sudden involuntary contraction of muscles?
cramp
A disease caused by bacterium Clostridium tetani that affects the nerves causing muscles to tighten?
tetanus
A genetic abnormality that weakens the muscles. It is characterized by muscle deterioration and weakness.
muscular dystrophy
What are some ways to properly care the musculoskeletal system?
exercise
adequate sleep
proper nutrition
A type of bone cells that are stimulated for production during a regular exercise?
osteoblasts
Few examples of foods that are rich in calcium?
milk
cheese
yogurt
Another type of mineral that promotes healthy bones.
magnesium
Your body needs this type of vitamins to absorb calcium?
vitamin D
What are good sources of magnesium?
seafood
meat
Protein helps build and repair muscle tissues. What are the good sources of protein?
meat
egg
fish
This provide energy that muscles use in doing activities, it’s important that our meal should include this?
carbohydrates
