Grade 6 - Respiratory & Circulatory Systems Flashcards
A system consists of organs that help you breathe.
Respiratory system
A process that allows your body to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
Breathing
What does the respiratory system consists of?
nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea or wind pipe
bronchi
lungs
Where does air passes through when it enters through the nose or nostril?
Nasal cavity
A hairlike structures in the nasal cavity that filter dust and pathogens from the air?
cilia
A muscular tube in which food, water, and air pass through.
Pharynx
Is a flap of tissue that prevents food and water from entering the larynx.
epiglottis
This is commonly called the voice box, has two vocal cords that vibrate when air passes by them.
larynx
A hollow muscular tubular structure that is located below the larynx.
trachea or windpipe
What are the passageways called that the trachea divides into, leading to the left and right lungs? This transport air to and from the lungs?
bronchi
What makes up the bronchi?
cartilage
mucosal lining
smooth muscle
This layer prevents the bronchi from collapsing when you inhale and exhale.
cartilage
This layer produces mucus that traps foreign particles before they enter the lungs
mucosal lining
Small airways in the lungs that branch off from the bronchi.
bronchioles
A cluster of tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.
alveoli
What are the small blood vessels called that surround the alveoli?
capillaries
What are the main organs of the respiratory system?
lungs
What is the name of the membrane that protects the lungs, which are elastic and spongy organs?
pleura
What are the phases of respiration?
inhalation
exhalation
What happens to your chest and diaphragm when you inhale?
The chest moves outward and upward to expand as a result of the contraction of rib muscles. Furthermore, the diaphragm contracts and flattens giving more surface area for air inside the lungs.
What happens during exhalation?
The air is forced out of the lungs. The diaphragm and rib muscles relax and return to their original shape. This makes the chest move inward or downward causing the carbon dioxide to rush out of the body.
What are some of the common ailments affecting the respiratory system?
Asthma
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis (TB)
Bronchitis
Pharyngitis
Emphysema
A common ailment of the respiratory system wherein a person experiences difficulty in breathing as a result of the narrowing and swelling of the airways.
Asthma
What triggers asthma?
It is triggered by allergies brought about by dust, fumes, pollen, and other air pollutants.
The infection of the lungs caused by viruses or bacteria. This can be a serious medical condition that can lead to death if not treated immediately.
Pneumonia
A bacterial infection of the lungs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis (TB)
What bacteria causes tuberculosis, a bacterial infection of the lungs?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
This refers to the inflammation or swelling of bronchial tube lining?
Bronchitis
What forms in the airways restricting the flow of oxygen into the lungs when people experience bronchitis?
mucus or phlegm
The inflammation of the pharynx causing sore throat and is usually accompanied with colds or flu.
Pharyngitis
This ailment damages the air sacs or alveoli in the lungs. The inner walls of the air sacs rupture leading to difficulty in breathing.
Emphysema
What is the leading cause of emphysema?
smoking
What are the composition of the circulatory system?
heart
blood
blood vessels
What are the functions of the heart, blood and blood vessels?
Heart - pumps blood to the different parts of the body.
Blood- a fluid responsible for transporting gasses, nutrients, and other substances to the different parts of the body.
Blood vessels - transport blood to all parts of the body.
A muscular organ about the size of your closed fist.
heart
How many beats per minute does the heart beats to distribute blood to the different parts of your body?
70-80 times per minute.
The left and the right sides of your heart are separated by?
septum
What do you call the upper chamber of the heart?
atria (singular: atrium)
What do you call the lower chamber of the heart?
ventricles
Overall, how many chamber does the heart has?
four:
right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle
What’s the function of the thin-walled atrium?
It collects blood to the heart.
What’s the function of the thick-walled ventricle?
It pumps blood out of the heart.
What’s the sound of your heartbeat?
lub-dub
It’s a result of alternating contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles.
heartbeat
They are flaps of tissues that prevent the backflow of blood as it flows within the heart?
valves of the heart
How are valves of the heart named?
Based on its location.
What do you call the valves between an atrium and ventricle?
atrioventricular valves
Give an examples of atrioventricular valves and its location.
tricuspid valve found between the right atrium and right ventricle
bicuspid valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle
What do you call those set of valves located between arteries and ventricles?
semilunar valve
A type of semilunar valve found between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery that leads to the lungs.
pulmonary semilunar valve
A type of semilunar valve that is found between the left ventricle and the aorta.
aortic semilunar valve
This is considered the “river of life” because of the substance it carries.
blood
What is the composition of the blood?
blood cells
fluid
cell fragments
This is refer to the solid component of the blood.
blood cell
What are the 3 types of blood cell?
red blood cell (RBC)
white blood cell (WBC)
platelets
The most abundant blood cells that make up 40 to 45% of all cells in the blood.
Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes.
A type of blood cell that are produced in the red bone marrow and are round with thick edges and thin center. It has a biconcave disk shape and also carry proteins that determine blood types.
Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes.
Why blood is red?
The red color of the blood is due to the presence of the pigment hemoglobin.
A type of blood cell that are relatively bigger but lesser in number compared to RBCs.
white blood cells (WBCs) or leukocytes
What is the primary function of the white blood cells.
The primary function is to defend the body from microorganisms that can cause infection.
The smallest blood cell that are irregularly shaped cell fragments?
platelets
The liquid component and makes up 55% of the blood. It is roughly 90% water, and contains proteins and other substances such as oxygen and nutrients.
plasma
They are tubular passage ways of the blood and are like roads of a busy city.
Blood vessels
What are the classification of the blood vessels?
artery
vein
capillary
Are muscular, thick-walled, and elastic blood vessels?
arteries
What do you call those smaller arteries?
arterioles
This indicates the beating of your heart that is brought about by the flow of blood that is pumped through the arteries of the wrist.
pulse
The number of heartbeats in one minute is what we call?
pulse rate
Are thin-walled blood vessels that are more elastic than arteries due to the low blood pressure?
veins
The veins branch into smaller veins are called.
venules
Are the smallest and thinnest blood vessels which form junction between arterioles and venules.
capillaries
What are the two types of blood circulation?
pulmonary circulation
systemic circulation
A type of blood circulation that happens between the lungs and the heart.
Pulmonary circulation
A type of blood circulation that occurs between the heart and the rest of the body.
Systemic circulation
What are the common diseases of the circulatory system.
Hypertension
Arteriosclerosis
Anemia
Varicose veins
Leukemia
Also known as high blood pressure. Can be caused by several factors, like obesity and high cholesterol.
Hypertension
An instrument for measuring blood pressure.
sphygmomanometer
This refers to the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps the blood.
blood pressure
What’s the normal range of blood pressure for young adult?
120/80 mm Hg.
Measures the pressure in the arteries when heart muscle contracts.
systole
Measures the pressure in the arteries when heart muscle relaxes
diastole
A disease caused by the buildup of cholesterol and fats in the arterial wall.
arteriosclerosis
A condition in which the body does not produce sufficient and healthy red blood cells.
anemia
This result from the widening and bulging of veins due to defective or loose valves within the veins.
varicose veins
Varicose veins are commonly found on which part of the body?
thighs and legs
This is characterized by too much production of white blood cells in the blood.
Leukemia
What are some good practices in maintaining a healthy and functional circulatory and respiratory systems.
Physical exercise makes your lungs and heart stronger
Proper diet is essential in the prevention of the onset of circulatory and respiratory diseases.
Do not smoke and stay away from areas where people smoke.
Have time to relax and be from stress. Good sleep is good for the heart.
An instrument that measures your lung capacity?
respirometer
