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MARY > Grade 6 - Respiratory & Circulatory Systems > Flashcards

Grade 6 - Respiratory & Circulatory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

A system consists of organs that help you breathe.

A

Respiratory system

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2
Q

A process that allows your body to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

A

Breathing

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3
Q

What does the respiratory system consists of?

A

nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea or wind pipe
bronchi
lungs

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4
Q

Where does air passes through when it enters through the nose or nostril?

A

Nasal cavity

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5
Q

A hairlike structures in the nasal cavity that filter dust and pathogens from the air?

A

cilia

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6
Q

A muscular tube in which food, water, and air pass through.

A

Pharynx

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7
Q

Is a flap of tissue that prevents food and water from entering the larynx.

A

epiglottis

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8
Q

This is commonly called the voice box, has two vocal cords that vibrate when air passes by them.

A

larynx

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9
Q

A hollow muscular tubular structure that is located below the larynx.

A

trachea or windpipe

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10
Q

What are the passageways called that the trachea divides into, leading to the left and right lungs? This transport air to and from the lungs?

A

bronchi

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11
Q

What makes up the bronchi?

A

cartilage
mucosal lining
smooth muscle

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12
Q

This layer prevents the bronchi from collapsing when you inhale and exhale.

A

cartilage

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13
Q

This layer produces mucus that traps foreign particles before they enter the lungs

A

mucosal lining

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14
Q

Small airways in the lungs that branch off from the bronchi.

A

bronchioles

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15
Q

A cluster of tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.

A

alveoli

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16
Q

What are the small blood vessels called that surround the alveoli?

A

capillaries

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17
Q

What are the main organs of the respiratory system?

A

lungs

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18
Q

What is the name of the membrane that protects the lungs, which are elastic and spongy organs?

A

pleura

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19
Q

What are the phases of respiration?

A

inhalation
exhalation

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20
Q

What happens to your chest and diaphragm when you inhale?

A

The chest moves outward and upward to expand as a result of the contraction of rib muscles. Furthermore, the diaphragm contracts and flattens giving more surface area for air inside the lungs.

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21
Q

What happens during exhalation?

A

The air is forced out of the lungs. The diaphragm and rib muscles relax and return to their original shape. This makes the chest move inward or downward causing the carbon dioxide to rush out of the body.

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22
Q

What are some of the common ailments affecting the respiratory system?

A

Asthma
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis (TB)
Bronchitis
Pharyngitis
Emphysema

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23
Q

A common ailment of the respiratory system wherein a person experiences difficulty in breathing as a result of the narrowing and swelling of the airways.

A

Asthma

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24
Q

What triggers asthma?

A

It is triggered by allergies brought about by dust, fumes, pollen, and other air pollutants.

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25
Q

The infection of the lungs caused by viruses or bacteria. This can be a serious medical condition that can lead to death if not treated immediately.

A

Pneumonia

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26
Q

A bacterial infection of the lungs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A

Tuberculosis (TB)

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27
Q

What bacteria causes tuberculosis, a bacterial infection of the lungs?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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28
Q

This refers to the inflammation or swelling of bronchial tube lining?

A

Bronchitis

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29
Q

What forms in the airways restricting the flow of oxygen into the lungs when people experience bronchitis?

A

mucus or phlegm

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30
Q

The inflammation of the pharynx causing sore throat and is usually accompanied with colds or flu.

A

Pharyngitis

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31
Q

This ailment damages the air sacs or alveoli in the lungs. The inner walls of the air sacs rupture leading to difficulty in breathing.

A

Emphysema

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32
Q

What is the leading cause of emphysema?

A

smoking

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33
Q

What are the composition of the circulatory system?

A

heart
blood
blood vessels

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34
Q

What are the functions of the heart, blood and blood vessels?

A

Heart - pumps blood to the different parts of the body.

Blood- a fluid responsible for transporting gasses, nutrients, and other substances to the different parts of the body.

Blood vessels - transport blood to all parts of the body.

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35
Q

A muscular organ about the size of your closed fist.

A

heart

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36
Q

How many beats per minute does the heart beats to distribute blood to the different parts of your body?

A

70-80 times per minute.

37
Q

The left and the right sides of your heart are separated by?

A

septum

38
Q

What do you call the upper chamber of the heart?

A

atria (singular: atrium)

39
Q

What do you call the lower chamber of the heart?

A

ventricles

40
Q

Overall, how many chamber does the heart has?

A

four:

right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle

41
Q

What’s the function of the thin-walled atrium?

A

It collects blood to the heart.

42
Q

What’s the function of the thick-walled ventricle?

A

It pumps blood out of the heart.

43
Q

What’s the sound of your heartbeat?

A

lub-dub

44
Q

It’s a result of alternating contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles.

A

heartbeat

45
Q

They are flaps of tissues that prevent the backflow of blood as it flows within the heart?

A

valves of the heart

46
Q

How are valves of the heart named?

A

Based on its location.

47
Q

What do you call the valves between an atrium and ventricle?

A

atrioventricular valves

48
Q

Give an examples of atrioventricular valves and its location.

A

tricuspid valve found between the right atrium and right ventricle

bicuspid valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle

49
Q

What do you call those set of valves located between arteries and ventricles?

A

semilunar valve

50
Q

A type of semilunar valve found between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery that leads to the lungs.

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

51
Q

A type of semilunar valve that is found between the left ventricle and the aorta.

A

aortic semilunar valve

52
Q

This is considered the “river of life” because of the substance it carries.

A

blood

53
Q

What is the composition of the blood?

A

blood cells
fluid
cell fragments

54
Q

This is refer to the solid component of the blood.

A

blood cell

55
Q

What are the 3 types of blood cell?

A

red blood cell (RBC)
white blood cell (WBC)
platelets

56
Q

The most abundant blood cells that make up 40 to 45% of all cells in the blood.

A

Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes.

57
Q

A type of blood cell that are produced in the red bone marrow and are round with thick edges and thin center. It has a biconcave disk shape and also carry proteins that determine blood types.

A

Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes.

58
Q

Why blood is red?

A

The red color of the blood is due to the presence of the pigment hemoglobin.

59
Q

A type of blood cell that are relatively bigger but lesser in number compared to RBCs.

A

white blood cells (WBCs) or leukocytes

60
Q

What is the primary function of the white blood cells.

A

The primary function is to defend the body from microorganisms that can cause infection.

61
Q

The smallest blood cell that are irregularly shaped cell fragments?

A

platelets

62
Q

The liquid component and makes up 55% of the blood. It is roughly 90% water, and contains proteins and other substances such as oxygen and nutrients.

A

plasma

63
Q

They are tubular passage ways of the blood and are like roads of a busy city.

A

Blood vessels

64
Q

What are the classification of the blood vessels?

A

artery
vein
capillary

65
Q

Are muscular, thick-walled, and elastic blood vessels?

A

arteries

66
Q

What do you call those smaller arteries?

A

arterioles

67
Q

This indicates the beating of your heart that is brought about by the flow of blood that is pumped through the arteries of the wrist.

A

pulse

68
Q

The number of heartbeats in one minute is what we call?

A

pulse rate

69
Q

Are thin-walled blood vessels that are more elastic than arteries due to the low blood pressure?

A

veins

70
Q

The veins branch into smaller veins are called.

A

venules

71
Q

Are the smallest and thinnest blood vessels which form junction between arterioles and venules.

A

capillaries

72
Q

What are the two types of blood circulation?

A

pulmonary circulation
systemic circulation

73
Q

A type of blood circulation that happens between the lungs and the heart.

A

Pulmonary circulation

74
Q

A type of blood circulation that occurs between the heart and the rest of the body.

A

Systemic circulation

75
Q

What are the common diseases of the circulatory system.

A

Hypertension
Arteriosclerosis
Anemia
Varicose veins
Leukemia

76
Q

Also known as high blood pressure. Can be caused by several factors, like obesity and high cholesterol.

A

Hypertension

77
Q

An instrument for measuring blood pressure.

A

sphygmomanometer

78
Q

This refers to the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps the blood.

A

blood pressure

79
Q

What’s the normal range of blood pressure for young adult?

A

120/80 mm Hg.

80
Q

Measures the pressure in the arteries when heart muscle contracts.

A

systole

81
Q

Measures the pressure in the arteries when heart muscle relaxes

A

diastole

82
Q

A disease caused by the buildup of cholesterol and fats in the arterial wall.

A

arteriosclerosis

83
Q

A condition in which the body does not produce sufficient and healthy red blood cells.

A

anemia

84
Q

This result from the widening and bulging of veins due to defective or loose valves within the veins.

A

varicose veins

85
Q

Varicose veins are commonly found on which part of the body?

A

thighs and legs

86
Q

This is characterized by too much production of white blood cells in the blood.

A

Leukemia

87
Q

What are some good practices in maintaining a healthy and functional circulatory and respiratory systems.

A

Physical exercise makes your lungs and heart stronger

Proper diet is essential in the prevention of the onset of circulatory and respiratory diseases.

Do not smoke and stay away from areas where people smoke.

Have time to relax and be from stress. Good sleep is good for the heart.

88
Q

An instrument that measures your lung capacity?

A

respirometer

MARY (34 decks)

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