Science - Biology Quiz #2 Flashcards
What does the cell look like at interphase (before S phase) ?
- DNA is long thin uncoiled material called chromatin
- One pair of centriles or one centrosome
- Nucleus is intect
What does the cell look like at interphase (after S phase) ?
- DNA has duplicated and sister chromatids are joined at the centromere
- Centrioles and all other organelles are duplicated
What does the cell look like at prophase?
- DNA condenses into vsible chromosomes
- Centioles migraes to the poles and start to release spindle fibers forming a mitotic spindle
- Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disapear
What does the cell look like at metaphase?
- Chromosomes are lined up on the metaphase equator
- Mitotic spindle pulls chromosomes
- Spindle fibers attach to the centromere
What does the cell look like at anaphase?
- Sister chromatids are separated at the centromere
- Spindle fibers shorted to pull the chromosomes but lengthen to stretch the cell membrane
What does the cell look like at telophase?
- Nuclear membrane reformes
- Nucleolus reappears
- Mitotic spindle (centrocomes) dissolves (spindle fibers pulled in )
Animal - cleavage furrow formed
Plant - cell plate formed
What does the cell look like at cytokinesis?
- Two separated cells
- Cytoplasm duplicated
Identify parts during Metaphase (lined Up)
- Centriole (lil power box thing at the poles)
- Spindle fibers (the lines)
- Sister chromatids
What is the cell cycle?
Interphase: G1, S, G2
Mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Cytokinesis
What happens during G1?
- The cell is carrying out routine functions
- Growing in size
- Making new proteins and organelles
- The nucleus is well-defined and surrounded by the nuclear envelope
What happens during S?
- DNA is replicated in preparation for cell division
What happens during G2?
- The cell prepares for division by forming microtubules and other organelles or molecules that the cell may need to divide.
What is mitosis?
The process in which two nuclei are formed, each with an identical set of chromosomes.
What happens during prophase?
- The cell prepares for nuclear division by breaking down the nuclear envelope
- The chromosomes condense and are now visible
- The mitotic spindle is formed
- Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell
What happens during metaphase?
- The centrioles are established on opposite ends of the cell
- The chromosomes line up in the cell’s equator (middle) and attach to the spindle fibers.