Science - Biology Quiz #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cell look like at interphase (before S phase) ?

A
  • DNA is long thin uncoiled material called chromatin
  • One pair of centriles or one centrosome
  • Nucleus is intect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the cell look like at interphase (after S phase) ?

A
  • DNA has duplicated and sister chromatids are joined at the centromere
  • Centrioles and all other organelles are duplicated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the cell look like at prophase?

A
  • DNA condenses into vsible chromosomes
  • Centioles migraes to the poles and start to release spindle fibers forming a mitotic spindle
  • Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disapear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the cell look like at metaphase?

A
  • Chromosomes are lined up on the metaphase equator
  • Mitotic spindle pulls chromosomes
  • Spindle fibers attach to the centromere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the cell look like at anaphase?

A
  • Sister chromatids are separated at the centromere

- Spindle fibers shorted to pull the chromosomes but lengthen to stretch the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the cell look like at telophase?

A
  • Nuclear membrane reformes
  • Nucleolus reappears
  • Mitotic spindle (centrocomes) dissolves (spindle fibers pulled in )

Animal - cleavage furrow formed
Plant - cell plate formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the cell look like at cytokinesis?

A
  • Two separated cells

- Cytoplasm duplicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Identify parts during Metaphase (lined Up)

A
  • Centriole (lil power box thing at the poles)
  • Spindle fibers (the lines)
  • Sister chromatids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

Interphase: G1, S, G2
Mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens during G1?

A
  • The cell is carrying out routine functions
  • Growing in size
  • Making new proteins and organelles
  • The nucleus is well-defined and surrounded by the nuclear envelope
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens during S?

A
  • DNA is replicated in preparation for cell division
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens during G2?

A
  • The cell prepares for division by forming microtubules and other organelles or molecules that the cell may need to divide.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is mitosis?

A

The process in which two nuclei are formed, each with an identical set of chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens during prophase?

A
  • The cell prepares for nuclear division by breaking down the nuclear envelope
  • The chromosomes condense and are now visible
  • The mitotic spindle is formed
  • Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A
  • The centrioles are established on opposite ends of the cell
  • The chromosomes line up in the cell’s equator (middle) and attach to the spindle fibers.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A
  • The spindle fibers shorten, pulling the chromatids to opposite poles of the cell
  • Centromeres are separated, the chromosomes are no longer attached
17
Q

What happens during telophase?

A
  • The nuclear envelope reforms
  • Chromosomes disperse into chromatin
  • Spindle fibers withdraw
18
Q

What happens during cytokinesis?

A

The cell splitting in half to form two new cells, each with its own nuclei and DNA.

19
Q

Mitosis in Plant vs Animal Cells

A

Animal Cells

  1. Contain centrioles- which are made up of microtubules and help to form the spindle fibers.
  2. Upon telophase, the spindle fibers tighten around the cell membrane until the animal cell cleaves into two new cells.

Plant cells

  1. Do not contain centrioles, but form a preprophase band made up of microtubules. It forms right before prophase, helps form the mitotic spindle.
  2. Upon telophase, a cell plate is formed between the two nuclei, which divides the cell wall and creates two new cells.
20
Q

Asexual & Sexual Reproduction

A

Asexual Production - reproduction of an organism in which one original organism makes an identical copy of itself.
Sexual reproduction - reproduction of an organism by combining genetic material from two different individuals of different sexes.

21
Q

Cancer - examples & causes

A

Cancer is a result of a haywire cell cycle. If the genes are mutated in some way, they will not work properly- and cell division may become out of control, leading to cancer.

Radiation UV rays from the sun can cause csncer through damage to DNA.

22
Q

What does a centriole do?

A

The centrioles form the areas that mitotic spindle forms and those mitotic spindles go and attach to each of the chromosomes and pull the chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell to allow cytokinesis to occur.