Chemistry Quiz - Isotopes Flashcards
Proton-
A positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom.
Proton Description
- Protons have slightly less mass than neutrons
- # of the proton determines it’s atomic number
Electron-
A negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus.
Electron Description
- The mass of an electron is less than one-thousandth of the mass of a proton
Neutron-
A particle with no charge located in the nucleus.
Neutron Description
- The slightly more mass than protons
- The # of neutrons id described by the neutron #, N
- To find the number of neutrons subtract the atomic number from the mass #
Proton - Charge, Location, Mass
+1, Nucleus, 1
Electron - Charge, Location, Mass
-1, Orbit, 0
Neutron - Charge, Location, Mass
0, Nucleus, 1
Adding protons changes the
element
Adding electrons changes the
charge
Adding protons/neutrons changes the
mass
Arrangement of electrons in shells
1st shell: max. 2 electrons
2nd shell: max. 8 electrons
3rd shell: max. 8 electrons
4th shell: max. 16 electrons
Atomic number:
is the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus, each atom has a unique number of protons.
Mass number:
is the mass of an atom in atomic mass units (amu), are not whole numbers, is the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.
Element Name and Symbol with Mass and Atomic Number
^4
2 He
Electrons is = to
the number of protons
The number of neutrons =
Mass - #Protons
Atomic Mass =
Protons + #Neutrons
What is an isotope?
Isotopes are any 2 or more forms of an element, each having the same number of protons but having different atomic masses due to a different number of neutrons.
What does the number next to Isotopes signify?
The mass of the isotopes.
How can you tell isotopes apart?
Their masses are different.
Isotope
Every element has several isotopes. Isotopes are different forms of the same element that differ because they have more or less neutrons. The number of protons always stays the same
ISOTOPES:
are any 2 or more forms of an element, each having the same number of protons but having different atomic masses due to a different number of neutrons
Isotope Qualties:
- Have the same physical and chemical properties and undergo the same reactions
- Some isotopes are unstable or Radioactive (nucleus has a tendency to break apart & eject high energy particles into the atmosphere
- Can be dangerous (instability) and useful (human applications)
RADIOISOTOPES
Must be treated with Caution because they can release radiation which can:
- Damage DNA (i.e., cell division)
- Can cause cancer and birth defects
TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES
- 3 types of radioactivity producing different penetrating powers: alpha particle ( ɑ), beta particle (𝛃) and gamma ray (𝛄)
- Gamma rays are the most damaging and can only be blocked by thick sheets of concrete or lead.
APPLICATIONS OF RADIOISOTOPES
Medical, Archeological, Safety, Energy Production
Medical Applications
injections of radioactive isotope (IODINE - 135 or Thallium - 201), are used to produce images of internal body organs, so their function can be examined. (i.e, treatment of cancer, heart disease etc).
Archeological Applications
CARBON - 14 dating, used to determine the age of artifacts such as dionsaurs by observing the decay rates.
Safety Applications
smoke detectors contain the radioisotope AMERICIUM - 241 which creates electrical flows because of charged air molecules. When the smoke enters the detectors, it interferes with the current and the alarm sounds.
Energy Production Applications (Nuclear Energy)
Uses Uranium - 235 for Nuclear Fission in radioactive generators. Used to produce electricity in power plants.
Average Atomic Mass Formula
Ave At Mass = %a(Ma) + %b(Mb) + %c(Mc)
100 100 100
How to write givens for ave atomic mass?
%B - 10.0a = 19.8%
%B - 11.0b = 80.2%
How to write givens for percentage abundance?
Average Atomic Mass = 107.862m
Let X = % Ag a - 105.9192m
Let 1 - X = % Ag b - 108.1010m
formula for when you don’t have atomic weight for one?
ave. amu = %a (in decimal) (Ma) + %b in decimal) (Missing M)
isolate the missing m
