Science, Bio - Respiration Flashcards
1
Q
main job
A
- take in oxygen
- releases carbon dioxide
2
Q
nose
A
- air enters the air passages of the nose
- cilia hairs trap dust particles in the air
- moistened by mucus
3
Q
trachea
A
- made from rings of cartilage
=> hard to keep neck stable - rings are shaped in a C form
- inner lining of windpipe has 2 types of cells
=> mucus-secreting cells
*to trap dust particles & bacteria as mucus’s
=> ciliated epithelial cells - cilia moves mucus to the top of the windpipe where it enters the back of the mouth and it swallowed.
4
Q
alveoli
A
- found at the end of the bronchioles
- tiny air sacs
- specialized surfaces for gas exchange
5
Q
adaptations of alveolus
A
- large surface area
- thin elastic walls
- surrounded by a network of capillaries
- moist surface
6
Q
intercostal muscles
A
- chest wall made of ribs and intercostal muscles
- internal and external intercoastal muscles make the ribs move
- found in between ribs
- allows lungs to contract and relax (move)
7
Q
diaphragm
A
- large sheet of muscle attached to the edges of the tenth pair of ribs and backbone
- separates the chest cavity (lungs & heart) from the lower body cavity
- involves in the process of breathing
8
Q
function trachea
A
- a tube that allows air to flow travel from our nasal cavity to the lungs
9
Q
function ribs
A
- protect the lungs from external damage
10
Q
bronchi
A
- two branches that split off from the trachea to enter our lungs
11
Q
bronchioles
A
- split into these smaller tubes that carry air to each of the alveoli
12
Q
inhalation
A
- ## taking air into lung
- pressure decrease, air is moved into the lungs
- intercostal muscles contract, expanding ribcage
- diaphragm contracts, pulling downwards
- air goes in
13
Q
exhalation
A
- expelling air from lungs
_____________________________________________ - pressure increases, moving air out of lungs
- intercostal muscles relax, allowing the ribcage to drop inwards and downwards
- diaphragm relaxes & moves up
- air goes out
14
Q
gaseous exchange
A
- takes place in the lungs by diffusion
- oxygen diffuses alveoli to the blood capillary
- carbon dioxide diffuses from blood capillary to alveoli
15
Q
diffusion
A
- movement of gas molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration.
16
Q
features of an alveoli
A
- moist thin walls
- give lungs a big surface area for diffusion
- a lot of tiny blood vessels called capillaries
- where gaseous exchange takes place
17
Q
movement of gases by diffusion
A
- OXYGEN diffuses from the AIR into the ALVEOLI into the BLOOD
- CARBON DIOXIDE diffuses from the BLOOD into ALVEOLI
18
Q
pathway of oxygen
A
oxygen is taken into the body through the nose & mouth => air moves down the trachea towards the lung => trachea splits into 2 tubes (bronchi/bronchus) => bronchi will split into multiple smaller tubes (bronchioles) => at the end of a bronchioles is an alveoli => gaseous exchange happens in the alveoli => oxygen diffuses into blood => carbon dioxide diffuses into alveoli
19
Q
respiration
A
- process that body uses to release energy from digested food (glucose)
20
Q
cellular respiration formula
A
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
21
Q
aerobic respiration
A
- type of respiration
- energy is released WITH OXYGEN
- large amount of energy released
- no alcohol or lactic acid made
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
22
Q
anaerobic respiration
A
- type of respiration
- energy released WITHOUT OXYGEN
- less energy is released
- produces lactic acid
glucose +oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
23
Q
Smoking
A
- expensive
- unhealthy
- can start from peer pressure
- illegal to buy cigarettes under 18
- illegal for adults to smoke in the car where there is children
24
Q
inside a cigarette`
A
- 4000 chemicals
- 43 of those are linked to causing cancer
- nicotine
- tar
- carbon monoxide
25
Q
smoking affecting the brain
A
- nicotine = smoke goes into the brain, the cells in the brain then sends messages to the rest of the body
- these messages makes them fele more relaxed, when that wears of they would want to smoke again (craving)
- this makes it addictive
26
Q
smoking affecting the heart and lungs
A
- nicotine from smoke reaches the brain and triggers something called adrenaline
- adrenaline = makes the heart beat faster / makes it work harder (cause: heart attacks / cardiac death)
- smoking also releases a poisonous gas called carbon monoxide into the blood stream
- carbon monoxide = reduces the amount of oxygen in red blood cells
27
Q
tar - smoking
A
- leave at the ends of peoples fingers, nails and teeth stained yellow
- paralyses cilia hairs (dirt, microbes & other chemicals from the cigarette smoke build up in the mucus)
=> causes lung infections
=> accumulates mucus, narrowing airways
=> mucus will irritate lungs, causing a chest cough - carcinogenic (can cause cancer)
28
Q
passive smoking
A
- breathing in smoke from another person cigarette
- causes the same sort of illnesses as actual smoking
