Science, Bio - Respiration

Question 1

main job

Answer 1

• take in oxygen
• releases carbon dioxide

Question 2

nose

Answer 2

• air enters the air passages of the nose
• cilia hairs trap dust particles in the air
• moistened by mucus

Question 3

trachea

Answer 3

• made from rings of cartilage
  => hard to keep neck stable
• rings are shaped in a C form
• inner lining of windpipe has 2 types of cells
  => mucus-secreting cells
  *to trap dust particles & bacteria as mucus’s
  => ciliated epithelial cells
• cilia moves mucus to the top of the windpipe where it enters the back of the mouth and it swallowed.

Question 4

alveoli

Answer 4

• found at the end of the bronchioles
• tiny air sacs
• specialized surfaces for gas exchange

Question 5

adaptations of alveolus

Answer 5

• large surface area
• thin elastic walls
• surrounded by a network of capillaries
• moist surface

Question 6

intercostal muscles

Answer 6

• chest wall made of ribs and intercostal muscles
• internal and external intercoastal muscles make the ribs move
• found in between ribs
• allows lungs to contract and relax (move)

Question 7

diaphragm

Answer 7

• large sheet of muscle attached to the edges of the tenth pair of ribs and backbone
• separates the chest cavity (lungs & heart) from the lower body cavity
• involves in the process of breathing

Question 8

function trachea

Answer 8

• a tube that allows air to flow travel from our nasal cavity to the lungs

Question 9

function ribs

Answer 9

• protect the lungs from external damage

Question 10

bronchi

Answer 10

• two branches that split off from the trachea to enter our lungs

Question 11

bronchioles

Answer 11

• split into these smaller tubes that carry air to each of the alveoli

Question 12

inhalation

Answer 12

• ## taking air into lung
• pressure decrease, air is moved into the lungs
• intercostal muscles contract, expanding ribcage
• diaphragm contracts, pulling downwards
• air goes in

Question 13

exhalation

Answer 13

• expelling air from lungs
  _____________________________________________
• pressure increases, moving air out of lungs
• intercostal muscles relax, allowing the ribcage to drop inwards and downwards
• diaphragm relaxes & moves up
• air goes out

Question 14

gaseous exchange

Answer 14

• takes place in the lungs by diffusion
• oxygen diffuses alveoli to the blood capillary
• carbon dioxide diffuses from blood capillary to alveoli

Question 15

diffusion

Answer 15

• movement of gas molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration.

Question 16

features of an alveoli

Answer 16

• moist thin walls
• give lungs a big surface area for diffusion
• a lot of tiny blood vessels called capillaries
• where gaseous exchange takes place

Question 17

movement of gases by diffusion

Answer 17

• OXYGEN diffuses from the AIR into the ALVEOLI into the BLOOD
• CARBON DIOXIDE diffuses from the BLOOD into ALVEOLI

Question 18

pathway of oxygen

Answer 18

oxygen is taken into the body through the nose & mouth => air moves down the trachea towards the lung => trachea splits into 2 tubes (bronchi/bronchus) => bronchi will split into multiple smaller tubes (bronchioles) => at the end of a bronchioles is an alveoli => gaseous exchange happens in the alveoli => oxygen diffuses into blood => carbon dioxide diffuses into alveoli

Question 19

respiration

Answer 19

• process that body uses to release energy from digested food (glucose)

Question 20

cellular respiration formula

Answer 20

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 21

aerobic respiration

Answer 21

• type of respiration
• energy is released WITH OXYGEN
• large amount of energy released
• no alcohol or lactic acid made

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 22

anaerobic respiration

Answer 22

• type of respiration
• energy released WITHOUT OXYGEN
• less energy is released
• produces lactic acid

glucose +oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 23

Smoking

Answer 23

• expensive
• unhealthy
• can start from peer pressure
• illegal to buy cigarettes under 18
• illegal for adults to smoke in the car where there is children

Question 24

inside a cigarette`

Answer 24

• 4000 chemicals
• 43 of those are linked to causing cancer
• nicotine
• tar
• carbon monoxide

Question 25

smoking affecting the brain

Answer 25

• nicotine = smoke goes into the brain, the cells in the brain then sends messages to the rest of the body
• these messages makes them fele more relaxed, when that wears of they would want to smoke again (craving)
• this makes it addictive

Question 26

smoking affecting the heart and lungs

Answer 26

• nicotine from smoke reaches the brain and triggers something called adrenaline
• adrenaline = makes the heart beat faster / makes it work harder (cause: heart attacks / cardiac death)
• smoking also releases a poisonous gas called carbon monoxide into the blood stream
• carbon monoxide = reduces the amount of oxygen in red blood cells

Question 27

tar - smoking

Answer 27

• leave at the ends of peoples fingers, nails and teeth stained yellow
• paralyses cilia hairs (dirt, microbes & other chemicals from the cigarette smoke build up in the mucus)
  => causes lung infections
  => accumulates mucus, narrowing airways
  => mucus will irritate lungs, causing a chest cough
• carcinogenic (can cause cancer)

Question 28

passive smoking

Answer 28

• breathing in smoke from another person cigarette
• causes the same sort of illnesses as actual smoking