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School Revision > Geography - Rivers > Flashcards

Geography - Rivers Flashcards

1
Q

What is a river?

A
  • fresh flowing water
  • bottom of river = riverbed
  • sides of the channel = river bank
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2
Q

Which is the longest river in the world?

A

River Nile

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3
Q

Where and which continent are these river found in: Amazon River, River Severn, River Nile

A

Amazon River: Brazil, South America
River Severn: England, Europe
River Nile: Egypt, Africa

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4
Q

Longest river in Europe?

A
  • Volga river
  • Valdai hills
  • Russia
  • Northwest of Moscow to east / southeast
  • Empties in the Caspian sea
  • 2300 miles / 3700km
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5
Q

Longest River in the UK?

A
  • River Severn
  • 220 miles / 354 km
  • Cambrian Mountains, Mid Wales
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6
Q

What is the difference between Longest and Largest River?

A

Longest: travels the farthest, covers the greatest distance from source to mouth
Largest: widest river, carries the most water from the source to the mouth

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7
Q

Why are rivers important?

A

Rain fills rivers - rivers feed water to our houses

Rivers provide a source of transport in order to distribute goods to trade.

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8
Q

Water cycle

A

Collection - Evaporation - Condensation - Clouds - Precipitation - Infiltration - Percolation - Throughflow - Collection

Collection - Evaporation - Condensation - Clouds - Precipitation - Transpiration - Collection

Collection - Evaporation - Condensation - Clouds - Precipitation - Surface run off - Collection

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9
Q

Watershed

A

The edge of highland surrounding a drainage basin. It marks the boundary between two drainage basins.

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10
Q

Source

A

The beginning or start of a river.

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11
Q

Tributaries

A

a stream or smaller river which eventually joins a larger stream or river.

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12
Q

Confluence

A

The point at which two rivers or streams join.

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13
Q

River Channel

A

The main body of water in a river.

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14
Q

Mouth

A

The point where the river comes to the end, usually when entering a sea.

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15
Q

Landforms:

Upper - Middle - Lower

A

Upper: Interlocking Spurs, Waterfalls, Gorges
Middle: Meanders, Ox Bow Lakes, Floodplains, Levees
Lower: Estuaries, Deltas

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16
Q

Hydraulic Action

A

Fast flowing water that wears away the river bank underneath

17
Q

Attrition

A

Rocks bring carried by the river, it gets smashed together, creating smaller rocks

18
Q

Abrasion

A

rocks carried along by the river wear down the river bed and banks (eraser being used overtime)

19
Q

Corrosion

A

smaller particles are dissolved into the river (sugar in tea)

20
Q

What is a Hjulstrom Curve

A

the relationships between erosion, transportation, and deposition of sediments

21
Q

What is a Hjulstrom Curve

A

the relationships between erosion, transportation, and deposition of sediments.

22
Q

What are interlocking Spurs?

A
  • erodes vertically / downwards
  • created V-shaped valleys with steep sides and narrow valley floors.
  • river doesn’t have enough power to erode/cut through the hills so it winds around them
  • tectonic plates that move
23
Q

How are waterfalls made?

A
  • Steep drop
  • Hard rock = – dolerite, unable to erode flat and a step forms
  • Less resistant rock = limestone, erodes quicker, undercutting the rock above.
24
Q

What are gorges?

A

When the waterfall retreats after the overhanging hard rock collapses, it leaves a near vertical steep sided valley. This is known as a gorge.

25
Q

Waterfalls description

A
  • Hard rock on the surface
  • Fallen rocks from the over hand on the river floor
  • Plunge pool, bottom of the waterfall
  • Hard and soft rock below the river, making it uneven. creating rapids
26
Q

What is a meander?

A

Bend/loop in the course of a river

27
Q

How is a meander formed?

A

Fast flowing current that makes the land erode on the outside bend and the inside making deposition

28
Q

What is an Oxbow lake?

A

A lake that formed using the neck of a meander.

29
Q

How is an Oxbow lake formed?

A

Erosion makes the neck of the meander narrow then during floods, river takes the shortest course through the neck. Soon the meander will create the new and straighter course. Then itself of creating a new lake, an oxbow lake.

30
Q

What are the damages of floodplains

A
  • Damaged properties, crops: Loss od income and food supply
  • Trapped elderly
  • Road closed and blocked: Loss of income and education
31
Q

How do levees form?

A

A levee is formed by deposition on the floodplain.

32
Q

What are levees?

A

What are levees are a wall that blocks water from going where we don’t want it to go

33
Q

Order of the river

A

Source - Tributaries - Confluence - River Channel - Mouth

School Revision (34 decks)

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