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School Revision > Science, Bio - Diet, Circulatory System & Digestion > Flashcards

Science, Bio - Diet, Circulatory System & Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

types of teeth

A
  • incisors
  • canines
  • premolars
  • molars
  • wisdom teeth
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2
Q

incisors

A
  • biting and cutting
  • front of your mouths
  • 8
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3
Q

canines

A
  • ripping and tearing
  • either side of incisors
  • 4
  • pointed and sharp
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4
Q

premolars

A
  • near the back of the mouth
  • hold and crush food
  • flat surface
  • larger than incisor and canine teeth
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5
Q

molars

A
  • near the
    back of your mouth
  • chew and grind food
  • bigger than premolars
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6
Q

wisdom teeth

A
  • extra set of molars
  • no function
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7
Q

parts of the teeth

A
  • crown
  • root
  • enamel
  • dentine
  • pulp
  • cementum
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8
Q

parts of the circulatory system

A
  • heart
  • blood vessels
  • blood
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9
Q

circulatory system

A
  • carries nutrients and oxygen to cells
  • carries waste to where it is disposed of
  • distributes heat throughout your body
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10
Q

heart

A
  • size of fist
  • cardiac muscle (special type of muscle)
  • four chambers (right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle)
  • muscular pump
  • needs oxygen
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11
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart

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12
Q

capillaries

A
  • narrowest blood vessel
  • reaches nearly every cell of the body
  • walls are one cell thick
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13
Q

veins

A

carry blood back to the heart

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14
Q

double circulatory system

A

first circulation:
heart => body => heart …
- carries oxygenated blood around the body and sends back deoxygenated blood

second circulation:
heart => lungs => heart …
- carries deoxygenated blood to lungs and sends back oxygenated blood to the heart

left side: oxygenated
right side: deoxygenated

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15
Q

functions of blood

A
  • carry food and oxygen
  • fight infections
  • clot wounds
  • distribute heat and hormones
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16
Q

red blood cells

A
  • live for 120 days
  • iron is required to make haemaglobin (protein) which attaches the oxygen to the red blood cells
  • transport oxygen around the body
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17
Q

platelets

A
  • broken up bits of the cells
  • produced by bone marrow
  • help blood clot
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18
Q

white blood cells

A
  • part of immune system
  • fight disease
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19
Q

plasma

A
  • liquid part of the blood
  • transports nutrients, waste & chemicals needed by the cell
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20
Q

order of digestive system

A

mouth => oesphagous => stomach => small intestine => large intestine => rectum

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21
Q

enzyme

A
  • speeds up reactions by breaking down larger / long molecules into smaller / shorter molecules
  • they are proteins
  • they are catalysts
  • they are specific
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22
Q

carbohydrates = __________
protein = ______________
fats = __________

A

carbohydrates = amylase / carbohydrase
protein = protease
fats = lipase

23
Q

changes of an enzyme

A

if temperature and pH irreversibly change it will no longer work

24
Q

7 food groups

A
  • carbohydrates
  • protein
  • fats & oils
  • minerals
  • vitamins
  • fibre
  • water
25
Q

carbohydrates

A
  • source of energy
  • starch & sugars are two kinds of carbohydrates
  • used as a fuel

eg. bread, cereal, pasta, rice, cake, potatoes

26
Q

protein

A
  • essential for growth and repair
  • needed to make new cells

eg. egg, meat, fish, nuts, dairy, milk

27
Q

fats and oils

A
  • energy reserve / storing energy
  • provides insulation

eg. butter, cakes, red mear, cheese, crisps

28
Q

minerals

A
  • keep body healthy
  • needed in tiny amounts

eg. fruit, vegetables, fish, cereal, pate, milk, herbs & spices

29
Q

vitamins

A
  • needed in small amounts for different things
  • Vitamin A = healthy eyes, Vitamin C = repair to the skin

eg. fruits, vegetables, fish, cereal

30
Q

fibre

A
  • not digested
  • keeps large intestine wall working well
  • removes solid waste
  • helps move food thru our large intestine

eg. fruits, vegetables, wholemeals products

31
Q

water

A
  • keeps us hydrated

eg. water, fruit, vegetables & drinks

32
Q

digestion

A
  • food being broken down into different substances so our bodies can use it
  • unable to absorb food without it
  • chemical and physical process
  • breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones (done using enzymes)
33
Q

types of digestion

A
  1. mechanical
    - chewing
    - grinding
    - mashing
  2. chemical
    - enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of carbohydrates, protein and lipids (fat)
34
Q

mouth

A
  • mechanically break down food into smaller pieces
  • tongue mixes food with saliva, containing amylase (helps breaks down starch)
35
Q

oesophagus

A
  • 20 cm long
  • produces / discharges mucus
  • moves food from throat to stomach (muscle movement: peristalsis)
36
Q

stomach

A
  • j shaped
  • muscular bag
  • stores food you eat
  • breaks down food into tiny pieces
  • mixes with digestive juices containing enzymes to break down protein and lipids
  • acid kills bacteria
37
Q

small intestine

A
  • 7 meters long
  • wall lining has finger-like projections (villi) to increase surface area
  • villi is covered in microvilli, increases surface area for absorption
  • nutrients from food pass into bloodstream thru these walls
38
Q

things small intestine absorb

A
  • 80% ingested water
  • vitamins
  • minerals
  • carbohydrates
  • proteins
  • lipids (fats)
39
Q

large intestine

A
  • 1.5 meters long
  • accepts what small intestines don’t absorb
  • rectum (short-term storage to hold faeces before it is excreted)
40
Q

large intestine functions

A
  • absorb more water
  • concentrate wastes
41
Q

accessory organs

A
  • not part of the path of food, but play a vital role
  • the glands

liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

42
Q

liver

A
  • produces bile
43
Q

bile

A

-helps digest fat
- filters out toxins & waste (drugs, alcohol and poisons)
- stored in liver and gallbladder

44
Q

gall bladder

A
  • store bile & releases it into small intestine
  • fatty diets cause gallstones
45
Q

pancreas

A
  • produces digestive enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates and proteins
  • regulates blood sugar by producing insulin
46
Q

How do the fats, proteins and carbohydrates from the food that we eat enter the blood stream?

A
  • thru digestive system
  • enzymes will speed up chemical reaction of breaking down carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones
47
Q

coronary heart disease

A
  • coronary arteries can become blocked by plaque, cause by bad cholesterol
  • plaque cause the artery to become narrow, restricting blood to flow to the organ
48
Q

factors of a heart attack

A
  • family history
  • bad life choices (smoking, alcohol, lack of excercise)
  • high cholesterol
  • high blood pressure
49
Q

how to reduce risk of heart attack

A
  • having a healthy life style
  • taking medications
  • control cholesterol (plaque)
50
Q

benedicts test

A

SUGAR
- blue = no sugar
- orange = sugar

51
Q

biuret test

A

PROTEIN
- purple: positive
- blue: negative

52
Q

iodine test

A

STARCH
- brown: no starch
- black: starch

53
Q

Alcohol test

A

FATS & OILS
- white cloud emulsion: fat is present

School Revision (34 decks)

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