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School Revision > History - WW1 > Flashcards

History - WW1 Flashcards

1
Q

main causes of war

A
  1. militarism
  2. ideology
  3. imperialism
  4. alliance
  5. nationalism
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2
Q

militarism - meaning

A
  • countries race to build up their armies, navies, weapons and strategies for defense or attacks
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3
Q

ideology - meaning

A
  • set of beliefs, deciding how the country is run
  • aggressive / racist ideology can cause war
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4
Q

imperialism - meaning

A
  • countries build large empires by conquering other countries
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5
Q

alliances - meaning

A
  • agreements countries make to support each other
  • can drag each other into war
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6
Q

nationalism - meaning

A
  • when the countries citizens do things to support their countries but don’t realize they are hurting other places too
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7
Q

central powers - who?

A
  • Germany
  • Austria-Hungary
  • Ottoman Empire
  • Bulgaria
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8
Q

allied powers

A
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Italy (1915)
  • Japan
  • US (1917)
  • Russia (1917)
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9
Q

advantages - central powers

A
  • ottoman empire
  • German + Austria = combined power (close together)
  • multiple empires -> taxes from colonies (economically powerful)
  • nearby each other
  • separating France + Russia
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10
Q

advantaged - allied powers

A
  • Russia = powerful
  • many places / allies (bigger)
  • access to the Black Sea
  • Romania, Serbia and Greece are splitting the Central Powers
  • spread out
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11
Q

reasons why alliances made war more likely

A
  1. made in secret => more suspicion
  2. all european countries made alliances with each other => small agruements can lead to big disagreements
  3. formation of the allied powers made Germany feel threatened => caused Germany to become aggressive
  4. allied countries had more confidence => have back up and support
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12
Q

imperialism - long term causes

A

european powers competed for colonies and territories around the world => increasing tensions and rivalries => created a sense of national pride and competition among european nations

  • contributed to the arms race and alliances that formed prior to the war
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13
Q

nationalism - long term causes

A

common across Europe (many ethenic groups aspiring to self-determination and independence) => led the formation of alliances based on the ethnic/national identities

  • contributed to the desire for expansion and dominance
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14
Q

militarism - long term causes

A

Europeans heavily invested in their militaries => lead to arms race characterized by the development of advanced weaponry and expansion of military capabilities => race increased tensions between nations

  • contributed to the readiness for war
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15
Q

alliance system - long term causes

A

European nations formed various alliances to secure their interests and protect themselves => 2 main alliances were made (Triple Entente, Triple Alliance)

contributed to escalating conflicts and ultimately drew multiple counties into war

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16
Q

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

A
  • immediate trigger for WW1
  • sparked a diplomatic crisis and led to Austria - Hungary’s declaration of the war against Serbia triggering a chain reaction of alliances
17
Q

july crisis

A
  • the period following the assassination saw a series of diplomatic maneuvers and ultimatums between the major powers (Austria-Hungary and Serbia)
18
Q

blank check

A
  • germany’s unconditional support for Austria - Hungary
  • encouraged them givea harsh ultimatum to Serbia
  • contributed to the trigger of WW1
19
Q

military plans

A

each major power has elaborate military plans => contributed to the rapid escalation of the conflict => mobilization schedules and wars heightened the sense of urgency => made it difficult to de-escalate the tensions

20
Q

schlieffen plan

A
  • germanys greatest fear was being sandwiched between enemies -> wars on two fronts
  • even tho germany had the largest army they were weakened (because they split up)
  • planned a rapid invasion in frace then turn east to invade russia
21
Q

why where trenches used

A
  • protection
    => from enemy fire
    => able to take cover in trenches
  • defense
    => different positions along front line
    => fortified with barbed wire, sandbags. eg
  • strategic
  • stalemate
    => both sides, unable to make progress
    => defense was too good
22
Q

how did the trench warfare end up in a stalemate

A
  • had good defense strategies
    => barbed wire
  • reinforcing troops
    => made it difficult to fire at opponents
  • limited mobility
    => movement outside of trenches were dangerous
23
Q

no mans land

A
  • plot of land in between opposing trenches
  • extremely dangerous to cross
24
Q

why did the schlieffen plan fail

A
  • miscalculations
    => Germany thot Russia would take longer to mobilize its forces
    => underestimated troops
  • British Intervening
    => allied defense for Belgium and France
  • Exhaustion
    => German troops were tired and weakened their ability to fight

School Revision (34 decks)

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