Science, Bio - Cells Flashcards
What is the smallest unit of living matter?
Cells
Cell facts
all living thing are made out of cells
different cell = different job
Parts of a plant cell
- chloroplasts
- chlorophyll
- cell wall
- vacuole
- cell membrane
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
Parts of an animal cell
- cell membrane
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
Cell membrane
- found in all cells
- surrounds the cell to hold it together
- controls what chemicals can enter and leave
Nucleus
- found in all cells
- contains genetic information
- controls the activity of the cells
Cytoplasm
- found in all cells
- a jelly-like substance of chemicals
- where most of the work of the cell takes place
Chloroplasts
- for photosynthesis
- disc shaped
- contains chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
- inside chloroplasts
- green pigment, give it color
Cell wall
- give it support and shape
- thick
Vacuole
Stores sap (mixture of sugar, water, minerals, nutrients)
What is a specialized cell?
A cell that has a special shape and features that help it to do it’s job
What is the process to forming an organ system?
Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ system
Bricks - Walls - Room - House
3 systems of the skeleton
- Protection
- Support
- Movement
Protection of the skeleton
- protects internal organs
Example:
skull - brain
pelvis - reproductive organs
Support of the skeleton
- without bones, we will become like jelly
- unable to move
Movement of the skeleton
- joints
- provides a base for muscles to attach to
What does the _____ protect…
(1) Pelvis
(2) Ribcage
(3) Skull
(4) Ribcage
(5) Spine
(1) Pelvis - Reproductive organs
(2) Ribcage - Heart
(3) Skull - Brain
(4) Ribcage - Lung
(5) Spine - Spinal cord
What are joints?
Where 2 bones meet
Hinge Joints
- the movement of 180°
- works like a lever
- contracts and relaxes (muscles) to move the joint
Examples:
- Elbow
- Knee
- Wrist
- Ankle
Ball & Socket Joints
- rotate 360°
- allowing a lot of flexibility
Examples:
- Pelvis
- Shoulder blade
Pivot Joint
- rotate 360°
- has limitations because of muscles
Example:
- neck bone
- radius and ulna (forearm)
Fixed joints
- puzzle pieces
- different pieces combined into one
Example:
- skull
-
What muscles are the Bicep and triceps?
Antagonistic muscles
Tendon
- They connect muscle to bone
- They are stiff
- If they were stretchy the joint wouldn’t move
- Tendons have to be tough to hold powerful muscles to strong bones
Cartilage
- Made out of Strong & Spongy tissues
- Formed at the end of the ball & socket, hinge & pivot joint
- the ends of the bones grind together when you have arthritis
Ligament
- Stretchy
- They connect bone to bone
- They would snap every time we bend a joint
Synovial Fluid
- found between the ends of bones in joints
- synovial fluid makes the joints smooth and friction-free
- it is important during exercise because there is a lot of pressure put onto our joints
Excretory System
Organ: Kidney
Function: Remove waste from your body (urea)
Nervous System
Organ: Brain + Spinal cord + 5 senses
Functions: Controls how you respond
Digestive System
Organ: Esophagus + Mouth + Liver + Stomach + Small Intestines + Large Intestines + Anus
Function: breaks nutrients into parts small enough for your body to absorb and use for energy, growth, and cell repair.
Circulatory System
Organ: Heart
Function: able to transport blood all over the body
Respiratory System
Organs: Lungs
Functions: To breathe + give oxygen to your body + release carbon dioxide from the body.
Muscle System
Organ: Muscle
Functions: To move + gives you the strength to move
Skeletons System
Organ: Bones
Functions: Movement, Support and protection
Organelle
Components of a cell. Each organelle has a particular function within the cell
Organ
A group of tissues working together to carry out a particular function
Cell
Smallest living unit of an organism. Made of organelles
Tissues
A group of cells of the same type, working together
Organ system
Made up of many organs all working towards the same purpose
Organism
This is a living thing. It can either be made up of one cell, or many cell
- Cranium
- Ribs
- Clavicle
- Sternum
- Humorous
- Spine
- Ulna
- Radius
- ?
- Femur
- Tibia
- Fibula
