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school revision > Science, Bio - Reproductive system & puberty > Flashcards

Science, Bio - Reproductive system & puberty Flashcards

1
Q

parts of the female reproductive system

A
  • vagina
  • uterus
  • uterus lining
  • ovary
  • oviduct
  • cervix
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2
Q

parts of the male reproductive system

A
  • sperm duct
  • testis
  • penis
  • gland
  • urethra
  • scrotum
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3
Q

vagina

A
  • muscular tube
  • leads from the cervix to the outside body
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4
Q

cervix

A
  • ring of muscle
  • at the lower end of uterus
  • keeps baby in place during pregnancy
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5
Q

ovary

A
  • contains hundredsof undeveloped egg cells
  • every month, an egg cell matures and is released.
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6
Q

uterus

A
  • where the baby is developed during pregnancy
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7
Q

oviduct

A
  • carries egg cells from the ovaries to the uterus
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8
Q

uterus lining

A
  • blood-rich layer of tissue
  • embryo is implanted
  • tissue is lost each month during menstruation
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9
Q

penis

A
  • allows urine & semen to pass out of the body
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10
Q

testis

A
  • produces sperm cells
  • releases the male sex hormones (testosterone)
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11
Q

urethra

A
  • tube that carries urine & semen
  • ring of muscle to keep these fluids separated
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12
Q

scrotum

A
  • bag of skin that contains the testes
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13
Q

gland

A
  • produces fluids that mixes with sperms cells to make semen

*fluid + sperm cells = semen

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14
Q

sperm duct

A
  • carries sperm cells from testes to the urethra
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15
Q

fertilisation

A
  • process of when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell
  • occurs in the oviduct
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16
Q

egg cells

A
  • female gametes / ovum
  • released from the ovaries
  • contains genetic info of mother (50% to the offspring)
  • one egg cell is released every 28 days as part of the menstrual cycle
17
Q

sperm cells

A
  • male gametes
  • produces in the testis
  • contains genetic info of the father (50% to the offspring)
  • produced in large no throughout their lives
18
Q

adaptations of a sperm cell

A
  • small head
  • long tail (flagellum)
  • midpiece
  • nucleus
19
Q

adaptations of a egg cell

A
  • cell membrane
  • nucleus
  • large size
  • cytoplasm
20
Q

sperm cell - small head

A
  • covered in acrosome
  • acrosome releases enzymes to break down the egg cell membrane to penatrate it
21
Q

sperm cell - long tail

A
  • allows sperm cell to move to the egg cell to fertilize it
22
Q

sperm cell - midpiece

A
  • many mitochondria (releases energy which allows it to move)
23
Q

sperm cell - nucleus

A
  • carries 50% of the genetic info of the father
24
Q

egg cell - cell membrane

A
  • changes after a sperm cell is inside to stop other sperm cells from entering
25
Q

egg cell - nucleus

A
  • carries 50% of the genetic info of the mother
26
Q

egg cell - larger size

A
  • increases chances of fertilization
  • allows more space for nutrients to be stored
27
Q

egg cell - cytoplasm

A
  • contains nutrients to support the developing embryo after fertilisation
28
Q

process of fertilisation

A
  1. semen is released from the penis through ejaculation
  2. sperm cells swim into the cervix (some get destroyed along the way)
  3. the remaining sperm cells travel up the uterus into the oviduct (more get destroyed along the way)
  4. sperm cells find egg cell
  5. sperm cells use their enzymes to digest the eggs cell membrane and enter the cytoplasm
  6. nucleus of the sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of the egg cell
29
Q

zygote

A
  • a fertilized egg
  • travels to the uterus, dividing along the way
30
Q

ejaculation

A
  • release of semen from the penis
  • how sperm cells enter the female reproductive system
31
Q

gestation

A
  • period of time between conception & birth (when baby is developing in the uterus)
  • approximately 40 weeks / 9 months

premature = born before week 37
overdue = not born by week 42

32
Q

fertilization, cell division and implantation

A

fertilization - nucleus of sperm and egg cell fuse (called a zygote)

cell divison - zygote undergoes cell division (where the cell keeps dividing itself)

embryo - eventually a ball of cells is formed & then cells then differentiate and become specialized

implantation - embryo attaches to the uterus lining

33
Q

4 stages of the development of baby

A
  1. fertilization
  2. zygote (cell division) & embryo
  3. implantation
  4. fetus
34
Q

placenta

A
  • organ that grows from the outer layer of the amniotic sac
  • attaches to the wall of the uterus
  • oxygen & nutrients (glucose) pass from the mother blood into the blood of the foetus
  • waste products (carbon dioxide & urea) are removed from the foetus blood by the placenta

school revision (34 decks)

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