Science, Bio - Reproductive system & puberty Flashcards
parts of the female reproductive system
- vagina
- uterus
- uterus lining
- ovary
- oviduct
- cervix
parts of the male reproductive system
- sperm duct
- testis
- penis
- gland
- urethra
- scrotum
vagina
- muscular tube
- leads from the cervix to the outside body
cervix
- ring of muscle
- at the lower end of uterus
- keeps baby in place during pregnancy
ovary
- contains hundredsof undeveloped egg cells
- every month, an egg cell matures and is released.
uterus
- where the baby is developed during pregnancy
oviduct
- carries egg cells from the ovaries to the uterus
uterus lining
- blood-rich layer of tissue
- embryo is implanted
- tissue is lost each month during menstruation
penis
- allows urine & semen to pass out of the body
testis
- produces sperm cells
- releases the male sex hormones (testosterone)
urethra
- tube that carries urine & semen
- ring of muscle to keep these fluids separated
scrotum
- bag of skin that contains the testes
gland
- produces fluids that mixes with sperms cells to make semen
*fluid + sperm cells = semen
sperm duct
- carries sperm cells from testes to the urethra
fertilisation
- process of when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell
- occurs in the oviduct
egg cells
- female gametes / ovum
- released from the ovaries
- contains genetic info of mother (50% to the offspring)
- one egg cell is released every 28 days as part of the menstrual cycle
sperm cells
- male gametes
- produces in the testis
- contains genetic info of the father (50% to the offspring)
- produced in large no throughout their lives
adaptations of a sperm cell
- small head
- long tail (flagellum)
- midpiece
- nucleus
adaptations of a egg cell
- cell membrane
- nucleus
- large size
- cytoplasm
sperm cell - small head
- covered in acrosome
- acrosome releases enzymes to break down the egg cell membrane to penatrate it
sperm cell - long tail
- allows sperm cell to move to the egg cell to fertilize it
sperm cell - midpiece
- many mitochondria (releases energy which allows it to move)
sperm cell - nucleus
- carries 50% of the genetic info of the father
egg cell - cell membrane
- changes after a sperm cell is inside to stop other sperm cells from entering
egg cell - nucleus
- carries 50% of the genetic info of the mother
egg cell - larger size
- increases chances of fertilization
- allows more space for nutrients to be stored
egg cell - cytoplasm
- contains nutrients to support the developing embryo after fertilisation
process of fertilisation
- semen is released from the penis through ejaculation
- sperm cells swim into the cervix (some get destroyed along the way)
- the remaining sperm cells travel up the uterus into the oviduct (more get destroyed along the way)
- sperm cells find egg cell
- sperm cells use their enzymes to digest the eggs cell membrane and enter the cytoplasm
- nucleus of the sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of the egg cell
zygote
- a fertilized egg
- travels to the uterus, dividing along the way
ejaculation
- release of semen from the penis
- how sperm cells enter the female reproductive system
gestation
- period of time between conception & birth (when baby is developing in the uterus)
- approximately 40 weeks / 9 months
premature = born before week 37
overdue = not born by week 42
fertilization, cell division and implantation
fertilization - nucleus of sperm and egg cell fuse (called a zygote)
cell divison - zygote undergoes cell division (where the cell keeps dividing itself)
embryo - eventually a ball of cells is formed & then cells then differentiate and become specialized
implantation - embryo attaches to the uterus lining
4 stages of the development of baby
- fertilization
- zygote (cell division) & embryo
- implantation
- fetus
placenta
- organ that grows from the outer layer of the amniotic sac
- attaches to the wall of the uterus
- oxygen & nutrients (glucose) pass from the mother blood into the blood of the foetus
- waste products (carbon dioxide & urea) are removed from the foetus blood by the placenta
