Schizophrenia

Question 1

Criteria for Schizo Diagnosis (3.5)

Answer 1

At least 2 of following, one of which should include 1-3: Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms
Marked by social/occupational impairment
Continuous signs for 6 months

Question 2

Hallucinations vs. Delusions

Answer 2

False sensory perceptions in absence of external stimuli vs. Fixed false beliefs that persist despite clear evidence contrary

Question 3

Kinds of Hallucinations in Schiz

Answer 3

Usually auditory, occasionally visual. Other senses point to tumor

Question 4

Echolalia vs. Echopraxia

Answer 4

Imitation of speeech vs. movement

Question 5

4.2 Catatonic Behaviors

Answer 5

Extreme Negativism: motiveless resistance to all instructions
Posturing: Rigidity or Waxy Flexibility (maintains those placed by examiner)
Stupor: immobile, mute
Excitement: excessive/aimless motor activity

Question 6

5 Negative Symptoms

Answer 6

Avolition (lack of energy/routine activities)
Alogia (reduction in speech)
Anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure)
Asociality
Flat Affect

Question 7

Significance of Negative Symptoms (3)

Answer 7

Hardest to diagnose
Often most debilitating part
Doesn’t respond to antipsychs

Question 8

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Answer 8

Basically schiz, symptoms last under a month

Question 9

Schizoaffective Disorder

Answer 9

Like BPD, but psych syptoms whenever instead of just at extremes

Question 10

2 Most Affected Cognitive Symptoms

Answer 10

Attention and working memory

Question 11

Good Prognosis Indicators

Answer 11

Late onset and stable personal life

Question 12

4 Schiz Genes

Answer 12

COMT - DA metabolism - + symptoms
GRM3 (metabotropic glu R): regulation of CNS, glu transmission
Dysbindin 1 - interneuronal connections
DISC1 - Affects hippocampal function

Question 13

Neurodevelopmental Theory of Schizo

Answer 13

Not born with it, just a genetic propensity and then additional hits like viruses or pot can cause onset

Question 14

Viral Etiology

Answer 14

Exposure to influenza in 2nd trimester

Question 15

3 Glu Hypotheses of Schizo

Answer 15

1. NMDA Rs Hypofunction Hypothesis
2. Glu Excitotoxicity Neurodevelopmental Theory - excessive pruning
3. Glu Excititoxicity Neurodegenerative Theory - Excessive apoptosis

Question 16

5 Phases of Disease Development

Answer 16

Premorbid
Prodromal
Florid
Recovery
Residual

Question 17

Gross Features of Brain

Answer 17

Vents larger bc smaller brain w/ smaller, fewer neurons w/ fewer connections each

Question 18

DA Hypothesis

Answer 18

Antipsychs all work blocking D2 R and DA metabolites correlate w/ level of positive symptoms

Question 19

Family Environment Correlation

Answer 19

Only one that really correlated was “high expressed emotion” families had higher relapse rates