Nutrition Flashcards
Difference b/w Primary and Secondary Deficiency Disease
Dietary lack of nutrient vs. inability of body to use
Kwashiorkor vs. arasmus
Inadequate prot/adequate calories vs. inadequate both
Total Parenteral Nutrition
When sick, metabolism more demanding but might not be able to eat so hook up to total nutrition IV
Vitamins
Organic molecules modified to coenzymes (usually) not produced by body necessary for functions
Vitamin that Doesn’t Have Coenzyme
Vitamin C
Thiamin (B1, what it does, source, and biochemical results from decreased, and notable point)
Essential cofactor for carb metabolism
Grains
Decreased synth of high energy phosphates (NADP) and lactate accumulation
Give before glucose if suspect deficiency/alcoholism or else can’t metabolize glucose
2/3 Neuro Problems from Thiamin/B1 Deficiency
Beriberi
Wernicke-Korsakoff
Dry vs. Wet Beriberi
Dry: Peripheral neuropathy affecting sensory and motor, looks emaciated
Wet: CV effects causing congestive heart failure and peripheral edema
Wernicke-Korsakoff
Most common from alcohol - Wernicke resolves w/ new thiamin but anterograde memory loss irreversible bc mamillary bodies
Pyridoxine (B6)
Produces important shit like AAs, NTs, and heme
lack thereof can excitability and shit in infants and peripheral neuropathy in adults with both excess and deficiency
Cobalamin (B12) (source and importance)
From dairy and animal products
Important in any reactions, but MethylmalonylCoA to SuccinylCoA required for myelination
Intrinsic Factor
Produced by parietal cells and necessary for B12 uptake. Pernicious anemia when Abs against it block B12 uptake
Neuro Problems w/ B12 Deficiency
Can get posterior column and corticospinal demyelination/degeneration, and also CNS effects like dementia and psychosis
Nitrous Oxide and Cobalamin Deficiency
Binds to cobalt core and renders methyl cobalamin inactive, so can get quadraparesis and sensory loss and shit. Occupational hazard
1 Drug and 1 Disease State that Impair Vit A Absorption
Fat malabsorption bc fat soluble
Orlistat
Vitamin A Excess
Teratogenic w/ NTDs and shit
2 Vitamins Need Balance of: Not too much or too little
B6 and A
Vitamin A Toxicity (2)
Hydroceph in infants, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (headaches and visual loss)
Big Function of Folic Acid
Synth of purines and pyrimidines, so very important in pregnancy
Vitamin D Big Function
Prohormone that allows Ca absorption
Vitamin E Big Function and Deficiency Symptom
Reacts w/ ROS and inactivates
Tremor
Menkes Disease
Crazy hair and shit in babies from Cu deficiency
Kwashiorkor vs. arasmus
Inadequate prot/adequate calories vs. inadequate both
Total Parenteral Nutrition
When sick, metabolism more demanding but might not be able to eat so hook up to total nutrition IV
