Nutrition

Question 1

Difference b/w Primary and Secondary Deficiency Disease

Answer 1

Dietary lack of nutrient vs. inability of body to use

Question 2

Kwashiorkor vs. arasmus

Answer 2

Inadequate prot/adequate calories vs. inadequate both

Question 3

Total Parenteral Nutrition

Answer 3

When sick, metabolism more demanding but might not be able to eat so hook up to total nutrition IV

Question 4

Vitamins

Answer 4

Organic molecules modified to coenzymes (usually) not produced by body necessary for functions

Question 5

Vitamin that Doesn’t Have Coenzyme

Answer 5

Vitamin C

Question 6

Thiamin (B1, what it does, source, and biochemical results from decreased, and notable point)

Answer 6

Essential cofactor for carb metabolism
Grains
Decreased synth of high energy phosphates (NADP) and lactate accumulation
Give before glucose if suspect deficiency/alcoholism or else can’t metabolize glucose

Question 7

2/3 Neuro Problems from Thiamin/B1 Deficiency

Answer 7

Beriberi

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Question 8

Dry vs. Wet Beriberi

Answer 8

Dry: Peripheral neuropathy affecting sensory and motor, looks emaciated
Wet: CV effects causing congestive heart failure and peripheral edema

Question 9

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Answer 9

Most common from alcohol - Wernicke resolves w/ new thiamin but anterograde memory loss irreversible bc mamillary bodies

Question 10

Pyridoxine (B6)

Answer 10

Produces important shit like AAs, NTs, and heme

lack thereof can excitability and shit in infants and peripheral neuropathy in adults with both excess and deficiency

Question 11

Cobalamin (B12) (source and importance)

Answer 11

From dairy and animal products

Important in any reactions, but MethylmalonylCoA to SuccinylCoA required for myelination

Question 12

Intrinsic Factor

Answer 12

Produced by parietal cells and necessary for B12 uptake. Pernicious anemia when Abs against it block B12 uptake

Question 13

Neuro Problems w/ B12 Deficiency

Answer 13

Can get posterior column and corticospinal demyelination/degeneration, and also CNS effects like dementia and psychosis

Question 14

Nitrous Oxide and Cobalamin Deficiency

Answer 14

Binds to cobalt core and renders methyl cobalamin inactive, so can get quadraparesis and sensory loss and shit. Occupational hazard

Question 15

1 Drug and 1 Disease State that Impair Vit A Absorption

Answer 15

Fat malabsorption bc fat soluble

Orlistat

Question 16

Vitamin A Excess

Answer 16

Teratogenic w/ NTDs and shit

Question 17

2 Vitamins Need Balance of: Not too much or too little

Answer 17

B6 and A

Question 18

Vitamin A Toxicity (2)

Answer 18

Hydroceph in infants, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (headaches and visual loss)

Question 19

Big Function of Folic Acid

Answer 19

Synth of purines and pyrimidines, so very important in pregnancy

Question 20

Vitamin D Big Function

Answer 20

Prohormone that allows Ca absorption

Question 21

Vitamin E Big Function and Deficiency Symptom

Answer 21

Reacts w/ ROS and inactivates

Tremor

Question 22

Menkes Disease

Answer 22

Crazy hair and shit in babies from Cu deficiency

Question 23

Kwashiorkor vs. arasmus

Answer 23

Inadequate prot/adequate calories vs. inadequate both

Question 24

Total Parenteral Nutrition

Answer 24

When sick, metabolism more demanding but might not be able to eat so hook up to total nutrition IV

Question 25

Vitamins

Answer 25

Organic molecules modified to coenzymes (usually) not produced by body necessary for functions

Question 26

Vitamin that Doesn’t Have Coenzyme

Answer 26

Vitamin C

Question 27

Thiamin (B1, what it does, source, and biochemical results from decreased, and notable point)

Answer 27

Essential cofactor for carb metabolism
Grains
Decreased synth of high energy phosphates (NADP) and lactate accumulation
Give before glucose if suspect deficiency/alcoholism or else can’t metabolize glucose

Question 28

2/3 Neuro Problems from Thiamin/B1 Deficiency

Answer 28

Beriberi

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Question 29

Dry vs. Wet Beriberi

Answer 29

Dry: Peripheral neuropathy affecting sensory and motor, looks emaciated
Wet: CV effects causing congestive heart failure and peripheral edema

Question 30

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Answer 30

Most common from alcohol - Wernicke resolves w/ new thiamin but anterograde memory loss irreversible bc mamillary bodies

Question 31

Pyridoxine (B6)

Answer 31

Produces important shit like AAs, NTs, and heme

lack thereof can excitability and shit in infants and peripheral neuropathy in adults with both excess and deficiency

Question 32

Cobalamin (B12) (source and importance)

Answer 32

From dairy and animal products

Important in any reactions, but MethylmalonylCoA to SuccinylCoA required for myelination

Question 33

Intrinsic Factor

Answer 33

Produced by parietal cells and necessary for B12 uptake. Pernicious anemia when Abs against it block B12 uptake

Question 34

Neuro Problems w/ B12 Deficiency

Answer 34

Can get posterior column and corticospinal demyelination/degeneration, and also CNS effects like dementia and psychosis

Question 35

Nitrous Oxide and Cobalamin Deficiency

Answer 35

Binds to cobalt core and renders methyl cobalamin inactive, so can get quadraparesis and sensory loss and shit. Occupational hazard

Question 36

1 Drug and 1 Disease State that Impair Vit A Absorption

Answer 36

Fat malabsorption bc fat soluble

Orlistat

Question 37

Vitamin A Excess

Answer 37

Teratogenic w/ NTDs and shit

Question 38

2 Vitamins Need Balance of: Not too much or too little

Answer 38

B6 and A

Question 39

Vitamin A Toxicity (2)

Answer 39

Hydroceph in infants, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (headaches and visual loss)

Question 40

Big Function of Folic Acid

Answer 40

Synth of purines and pyrimidines, so very important in pregnancy

Question 41

Vitamin D Big Function

Answer 41

Prohormone that allows Ca absorption

Question 42

Vitamin E Big Function and Deficiency Symptom

Answer 42

Reacts w/ ROS and inactivates

Tremor

Question 43

Menkes Disease

Answer 43

Crazy hair and shit in babies from Cu deficiency