Basic Cellular Rxns to CNS Injury - Glial cells and shit

Question 1

Neuropil

Answer 1

Background on slide but most important part, where 99% of all synapses are

Question 2

Nissl Bodies

Answer 2

RER that make proteins to be sent out (like neuropeptides)

Question 3

Axonal Reaction (Central Chromatolysis)

Answer 3

Following injury - more ribosomes for internal production, not Nissl bodies bc don’t want external. Nuc falls to edge and loses color

Question 4

PNS vs. CNS Axonal Regeneration

Answer 4

Can vs. can’t. Schwann cells aid

Question 5

Eosinophilic Nerve Cell Change

Answer 5

From destructive injury/necrosis

Question 6

Simple (chronic) Atrophy

Answer 6

Shrinks and works at reduced capacity. Remove insult and can recover almost 100%

Question 7

Main Diff of Human Brains (from others)

Answer 7

Astrocytes have shitload more processes

Question 8

Reactive (Gemistocytic) Astrocytes

Answer 8

Get hypertrophic when damage done to CNS

Question 9

Two Ways Astrocytes Prevent Cell Death on Edge of Ischemia

Answer 9

Release GFs that tell cells to live and eat toxins coming in from necrotic area

Question 10

4 Beneficial Aspects of Reactive Astrocytes

Answer 10

Restore ionic homeostasis
Remove glutamate
Release GFs
Restore BBB

Question 11

3 Potential Negative Effects of Reactive Astrocytes

Answer 11

May interfere w/ neurite outgrowth, block remyelination, or contribute to seizure focus

Question 12

Alzheimer Type II Astrocyte

Answer 12

NOT ASSOCIATED W/ AD. Large vacuolated astrocyte from metabolic insult to NS (not destructive) like from liver disease. Don’t work so then effects can also affect neurons

Question 13

Gitter Cells

Answer 13

CNS macs, activate and signal for blood monocytes to join (BBB gets leakier)

Question 14

Choroid Plexus Transformation

Answer 14

Ependymal cilia change to microvilli, look like kidney epithelial cells