Growth and Development Flashcards
Growth vs. Maturation
Increase in physical size vs. biologically based/genetically determined sequential series of events and functions
2 Features of Motor Development
Cephalad to caudad
Central to peripheral
Critical Periods vs. Sensitive Periods
Absolute timeframe that exposure is required in to gain that function vs. timeframe when it’s easiest to develop that function
4 Age Range Stages of Piaget Cognitive
0-2: Sensorimotor
2-7: Preoperational
7-12: Concrete operations
12-15: Formal operations
5 Age Range Stages of Erikson Psychosocial
0-18: Trust vs. Mistrust 18-3: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt 3-5: Initiative vs. Guilt 6-12: Industry vs. Inferiority 12-18: Identity vs. role confusion
5 Freud Psychosexual Stages
Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital
Common Teratogenic Anti-Convulsant Prescription
Valproic Acid
6 Reflexes
Rooting (touch cheek, turns head towards touch) Sucking Palmar Grasp Moro (extend limbs when placed on back) Startle Babinski - should be +
Product of Object Permanence
Separation Anxiety
Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
Phases continue throughout life, major themes have to be successfully negotiated at each phase and outcomes of prior phases influence mastery of next
3 Stages of Response to Loss
Protest
Despair
Detachment
4 Patterns of Attachment
Securely attached
Anxious ambivalent
Anxious avoidant
Disorganized attachment
Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
Cognitive development influenced by experience and interaction, and repetition makes up set of experiences that become internal mental representation called a schema
Rapprochement
In toddler years, understand not physical or intrapsychically part of Mom, so vulnerable
3 Milestones at 3
Autonomy (Erikson), leads to
Bowel and bladder control training
Gender ID
3 Temperaments
Easy child
Difficult Child
Slow to warm up child
Goodness of Fit
Properties of environment fits w/ expectations and demand w/ organisms - like similar temperaments of children and parents. Can be consonance or dissonance
2 Milestones at 6
Development of conscious/superego and sense of morality
Finality of death
Motor Development via Shapes (3)
3 - copies circle
4 - copies cross
5- copies square
Tanner Stages
5 stages of sexual development of teens
Sex Rate Trend in HS
Doubles from 30% to 60% over the course of high school
Drug Use Trend over Last Decade
Has stayed same or declined
Cigarette Use Trend
Increased steadily then fell heavily starting 1999
Alcohol Use Trend
Steady small decline
Marijuana Use Trend
Increase, then decrease, now increase again slightly
1 Cause of Death Ages 1-19 Years
Accidents
Traditional vs. New View of Adult Personality Development
Fixed stages each tied to age vs. life events determine personality development, not age
3 Adulthood Psychosocial Stages
Young Adulthood: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Middle Adulthood: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Late Adulthood: Integrity vs. Despair
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Lasting contribution to the world and continuation of one’s life through others vs. triviality of life and limited contribution
Mechanism that Underlies All Other Defenses
Repression
Reaction Formation
Converting unconscious wishes/impulses perceived to be dangerous into their opposites. Doing opposite of what you feel/want
Fixation
Remaining at a more childish level of development (defense mech)
5 Mature Defenses
Humor
Identification - modeling own self upon another’s character/behavior
Sublimation - transform negative emotions/instincts into positive actions
Suppression - delay problem to cope with present reality
Altruism
