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gross anatomy > Scalp temple and face > Flashcards

Scalp temple and face Flashcards

1
Q

Extent of scalp

A

supraorbital margin from front

Behind occipital protuberance superior nuchal lines and from sides superior temporal lines

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2
Q

Layers of scalp

A 
skin 
Superficial fascia 
Deep fascia (connective tissue) galea aponeurotica 
Lose areolae tissue 
Pericranium
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3
Q

Insertion of occipitofrontalis and

A

in galea aponeurotica insertion

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4
Q

Occipitalis arises from and nerve supply

A

lateral 2/3rds of superior nuchal line and supplied by posterior auricular branch of facial nerve

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5
Q

Frontalis arises and nerve supply from

A

arises from upper eyelids skin of forehead orbicularis and corrugator supercilii and supplied by temporal branch of facial nerve

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6
Q

Nerve supply of temporoparietalis

A

temporal branch of facial nerve

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7
Q

Where is superficial temporal region and its laywrs

A 
between superior temporal line and zygomatic arch 
Layers: Skin
Superficial fascia 
Epicranial aponeurosis 
Temporal fascia 
Temporalis muscle 
Pericranium
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8
Q

Arteries in front of auricle and behind auricle in superficial temporal eegion

A

front:
Supraorbital supra trochlear (branches of opthalmic)
Superficial temporal ( branches of external carotid)
Behind: Posterior auricular
And occipital arteries both branched of external carotid

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9
Q

facial vein formation (VEINS OF FACE AND SCALP)

A

supratrochlear and supraobital vein join at form the angular vein which continues down as facial vein

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10
Q

retromandibular vein formation (VEINS OF FACE AND SCALP)

A

superficial temporal joins the maxillary vein infront of the tragus to from the retromandibular vein which has 2 divisions

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11
Q

common facial vein formation and it drains into (VEINS OF FACE AND SCALP)

A

ant division of retromandibular joins with the facial vein to form the common facial vein and drains into internal jugular vein

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12
Q

formation of external jugular vein

A

the pst division of retromandibular joins the posterior auricular and makes the external jugular vein which drains into the subclavian vein

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13
Q

lymphatic draining (SCALP)

A

ant part into the preauricular and parotid

pst part into the posterior auricular and mastoid lymph nodes

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14
Q

what is the dangerous area of scalp

A

region of lose areolar tissue which can transmit infection through emissary vein into the cavernous sinus

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15
Q

black eye is caused by

A

collection of blood in the lose connective tissue which may leak into the eyelids and root of the nose causing black eye

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16
Q

nerves of scalp and superficial temporal region from up to down

A
  1. supra trochlear
  2. supra orbital
  3. zygomatico temporal
  4. temporal branch of facial nerve (motor)
  5. auricotemporal
  6. greater auricular
  7. pst auricular (motor)
  8. lesser occipital
  9. greater occipital
  10. 3rd occipital
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17
Q

renal oedma first appears in

A

eyelids and face

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18
Q

why boils in nose and ear are painful

A

because of fixity of skin to the underlying cartilages

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19
Q

superfacial fascia of face has

A

fascial muscles

fat and and nerve and vessels

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20
Q

deep fascia in face

A

absent except over parotid gland where it makes parotid fascia and over the buccinator where it forms the buccopharangeal fascia

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21
Q

facial muscles embryonic origin and their nerve suplly

A

mesoderm of 2nd brachial arch

supplied by facial nerve

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22
Q

muscles of orbital opening

A

orbicularis oculi
corrugator supecilli
levator palpebrae superioris (extraoculuar muscle)

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23
Q

levator palpebrae superioris is supplied by what nerve

A

3rd cranial nerve occulumotor nerve

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24
Q

muscles of nose

A

compressor naris
dialator naris
depressor speti
procerus

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25
Q

muscles around the mouth

A
  1. orbicularis oris
  2. buccinator
  3. levator labii superioris alaeque
  4. levator labbi superioris
  5. depressor labi inferioris
  6. depressor anguli oris
  7. levator anguli oris
  8. mentalis
  9. risorius
  10. zygomaticus major
  11. zygomaticus minor
26
Q

corrugator supercilli origin insertion and function

A

origin: medial end of supraciliary arch
insertion: skin of eyebrows
function: vertical lines on the forehead while frowning

27
Q

orbicularis oculi origin insertion and function

A

origin: orbital part: medial end of medial palpebral ligament, frontal process of maxilla and nasal part of frontal bone
palpebral part: lateral end of medial palpebral ligament
lacrimal part: lacrimal fascia and pst lacrimal crest
insertion: orbital: concentric rings so returns back to the point of origin
palpebral: lateral palpebral raphe
lacrimal: lateral palpebral raphe
action: orbital part: sudden closure of eye to save from sunligh wind dust
palpebral: gently closing of eye in blinking
lacrimal: dialates lacrimal sac
supports lower eye lid

28
Q

procerus origin insertion and function

A

origin: nasal bone and upper part of lateral nasal cartilage
insertion: skin on the forehead between the eyebrows and bridge of the nose
function: transverse wrinkles

29
Q

compressor nairs origin insertion and function

A

origin: maxilla lateral to the nose
insertion: aponeurosis over the dorsum of the nose
function: compression of apertures of the nose

30
Q

dialator naris origin insertion and function

A

origin: maxilla over the lateral incisors
insertion: alar cartilages
function: nasal apertures dialation

31
Q

depressor septi origin insertion and function

A

origin: maxilla over medial incisor
insertion: lower mobile part of nasal septum
function: pulls nose inferiorly

32
Q

orbicularis oculi origin insertion and function

A

origin of intrinsic fiber: sup incisivus from maxilla inf incisivus from mandible
origin of extrinsic fiber: thickest middle stratum from buccinator , thick superficial stratum from depressor and elevators of lips and angles of the mouth
insertion of intrinsic: angle of the mouth
insertion of extrinsic: lips and angle of the mouth
function: protudes the lips, closes lips and various types of grimaces

33
Q

buccinator origin insertion and function

A

origin: upper fibers from maxilla oppsite molar teeth
lower fiber: mandible opposiye molar teeth
middle fibers: pterygomandibular raphe
insertion: upper fiber to upper lips
lower fiber to lower lips
middle fibers decussate
function: flattens the cheek against the gum so food doesnt get accumulated and whisteling muscle

34
Q

levator labii superioris alaeque origin insertion and function

A

origin: frontal process of maxilla
insertion: upper lip and alar cartilage of nose
function: lifts the upper lip and dialates the nostrils

35
Q

zygomaticus major origin insertion and function

A

origin: pst part of lateral surface of zygomatic arch
insertion: angle of the mouth
function: lifts the angle of the mouth as in smiling

36
Q

levator labii superioris origin insertion and function

A

origin: infraorbital margin
insertion: upper lateral half of upper lip
origin: lifts the upper lip and forms the nasiolabial groove

37
Q

levator anguli oris origin insertion and function

A

origin: maxilla below infraoribital margin
insertion: angle of the mouth
functions: lifts the angle of the mouth forms nasiolabial groove

38
Q

zygomaticus minor origin insertion and function

A

origin: ant part of lateral surface of zygomatic arch
insertion: upper lip medial to angle of the mouth
funcion: elevates the upper lip

39
Q

depressor anguli oris origin insertion and function

A

origin: oblique line of mandibile blow first molar premolar canine
insertion: angle of the mouth
function draws the angle of the mouth downwads and laterally

40
Q

depressor labii inferioris origin insertion and function

A

origin: ant part of the oblqiue line
insertion: middle part of lower lip
function: draws the lower lip downwards

41
Q

mentalis origin insertion and function

A

origin: mandible below incisors
insertion: skin of the chin
function: elevates the protrudes the lower lip as the skin of the skin wrinkle

42
Q

risorius origin insertion and function

A

origin: fascia of masseter muscle
insertion: angle of the mouth
function: retracts the angle of the mouth

43
Q

platysma origin insertion and function

A

origin: deltoid and pectoral fascia
insertion: ant fibers to the base of the mandible
pst fiber lower part of the face lower lip
functions: releases pressure on the skin on subjacent veins, depreeses the mandible and pulls the angle of the mouth downwards

44
Q

motor nerve supply of face

A

facial nerve branches:
temporal: orbicularis oculi, auricular muscle and frontalis
zygomatic: orbicularis oculi ( lower eyelid)
buccal: muscles of the cheek and upper lip
marginal mandibular: lower lip
cervical: platysma

45
Q

what is bells palsy and what nerve is damaged

A

balls palsy is when there is infranuclear lesion of the facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen causes paralysis of the upper and lower part of the same side of the face and makes the face assymetrical/

46
Q

cutenous nerves of the face are

A

opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
maxillary division
mandibular devision
cervical plexus

47
Q

ophthalmic division cutaneous nerve and area of distribution

A
  1. external nasal- lower part of dorsum and tip of nose
  2. infratrochlear- medial parts of both eyelids
  3. supraorbital- upper eyelids, frontal air sinus and scalp
  4. lacrimal- lateral parts of upper eyelid
  5. supratrochlear- upper eyelids and forehead
48
Q

maxillary division cutaneous nerve and area of distribution

A
  1. infraoriital- lower eyelids, upper lip and lateral part of the nose
  2. zygomaticofacial- upper part if the cheel
  3. zygomatciotemporal- anterior temporal region
49
Q

mandibular division cutaneous nerve and area of distribution

A
  1. auricotemporal- upper 2/3rd of auricular and temporal region
  2. buccal- lower part of the cheek
  3. mental nerve- skin over the skin
50
Q

cervical plexus cutaneous nerve and area of distribution

A
  1. ant division of great auricular nerve (c2 and c3)- skin over the angle of the jaw and over the parotid gland
  2. uppper division of ant cutaneous nerve of the neck (c2 and c3)- lower margin of the jaw
51
Q

facial artery is branch of what artery and its furthur branches (ARTERIES OF FACE)

A

branch of external carotid artery

  1. inferior labial - lower lip
  2. superior labia- upper lip and anterinferior part of nasal septum
  3. lateral nasal- ala and dorsum of the nose
52
Q

facial artery anastomose

A

anterior division anastomose with same arteries from opposie side and mental artery
pst division with transverse facial and infraorbiral
and terminal branches anastomose with branches of opthalmic artery

53
Q

terminal branch of facial artery

A

angular artery

54
Q

transverse facial artery is a branch of what artery and what does it supply

A

branc of superficial temporal artery and supplies the parotid gland, duct and masseter

55
Q

deep communications of facial ven

A

communication with supraorbital and superior ophthalmic

communication of deep facial vein and pteygoid plexus

56
Q

dangerous area of the facei

A

upper lip and lower part of the nose
facial vein communicates with the cavernous sinus though emissary vein and thats how infections spread and cause thrombosis

57
Q

connection between cavernous sinus and facial vein

A

facial vein- deep facial vein- pterygoid plexus- emissary vein- cavernous sinus

58
Q

drainage into preauricular lymph nodes

A

greater part of the forehead, later part of eyelids, conjunctiva, parotid area, lateral part of the cheeks

59
Q

drainage into submandibular

A

medial part of the forhead, external nose, medial part of upper lips, lateral part of lower lips, greater part of the lower jaw, medial part of the cheeks

60
Q

submental lymph nodes drainage

A

chin and lower lip

gross anatomy (16 decks)

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