Scalp temple and face Flashcards
Extent of scalp
supraorbital margin from front
Behind occipital protuberance superior nuchal lines and from sides superior temporal lines
Layers of scalp
skin Superficial fascia Deep fascia (connective tissue) galea aponeurotica Lose areolae tissue Pericranium
Insertion of occipitofrontalis and
in galea aponeurotica insertion
Occipitalis arises from and nerve supply
lateral 2/3rds of superior nuchal line and supplied by posterior auricular branch of facial nerve
Frontalis arises and nerve supply from
arises from upper eyelids skin of forehead orbicularis and corrugator supercilii and supplied by temporal branch of facial nerve
Nerve supply of temporoparietalis
temporal branch of facial nerve
Where is superficial temporal region and its laywrs
between superior temporal line and zygomatic arch Layers: Skin Superficial fascia Epicranial aponeurosis Temporal fascia Temporalis muscle Pericranium
Arteries in front of auricle and behind auricle in superficial temporal eegion
front:
Supraorbital supra trochlear (branches of opthalmic)
Superficial temporal ( branches of external carotid)
Behind: Posterior auricular
And occipital arteries both branched of external carotid
facial vein formation (VEINS OF FACE AND SCALP)
supratrochlear and supraobital vein join at form the angular vein which continues down as facial vein
retromandibular vein formation (VEINS OF FACE AND SCALP)
superficial temporal joins the maxillary vein infront of the tragus to from the retromandibular vein which has 2 divisions
common facial vein formation and it drains into (VEINS OF FACE AND SCALP)
ant division of retromandibular joins with the facial vein to form the common facial vein and drains into internal jugular vein
formation of external jugular vein
the pst division of retromandibular joins the posterior auricular and makes the external jugular vein which drains into the subclavian vein
lymphatic draining (SCALP)
ant part into the preauricular and parotid
pst part into the posterior auricular and mastoid lymph nodes
what is the dangerous area of scalp
region of lose areolar tissue which can transmit infection through emissary vein into the cavernous sinus
black eye is caused by
collection of blood in the lose connective tissue which may leak into the eyelids and root of the nose causing black eye
nerves of scalp and superficial temporal region from up to down
- supra trochlear
- supra orbital
- zygomatico temporal
- temporal branch of facial nerve (motor)
- auricotemporal
- greater auricular
- pst auricular (motor)
- lesser occipital
- greater occipital
- 3rd occipital
renal oedma first appears in
eyelids and face
why boils in nose and ear are painful
because of fixity of skin to the underlying cartilages
superfacial fascia of face has
fascial muscles
fat and and nerve and vessels
deep fascia in face
absent except over parotid gland where it makes parotid fascia and over the buccinator where it forms the buccopharangeal fascia
facial muscles embryonic origin and their nerve suplly
mesoderm of 2nd brachial arch
supplied by facial nerve
muscles of orbital opening
orbicularis oculi
corrugator supecilli
levator palpebrae superioris (extraoculuar muscle)
levator palpebrae superioris is supplied by what nerve
3rd cranial nerve occulumotor nerve
muscles of nose
compressor naris
dialator naris
depressor speti
procerus
muscles around the mouth
- orbicularis oris
- buccinator
- levator labii superioris alaeque
- levator labbi superioris
- depressor labi inferioris
- depressor anguli oris
- levator anguli oris
- mentalis
- risorius
- zygomaticus major
- zygomaticus minor
corrugator supercilli origin insertion and function
origin: medial end of supraciliary arch
insertion: skin of eyebrows
function: vertical lines on the forehead while frowning
orbicularis oculi origin insertion and function
origin: orbital part: medial end of medial palpebral ligament, frontal process of maxilla and nasal part of frontal bone
palpebral part: lateral end of medial palpebral ligament
lacrimal part: lacrimal fascia and pst lacrimal crest
insertion: orbital: concentric rings so returns back to the point of origin
palpebral: lateral palpebral raphe
lacrimal: lateral palpebral raphe
action: orbital part: sudden closure of eye to save from sunligh wind dust
palpebral: gently closing of eye in blinking
lacrimal: dialates lacrimal sac
supports lower eye lid
procerus origin insertion and function
origin: nasal bone and upper part of lateral nasal cartilage
insertion: skin on the forehead between the eyebrows and bridge of the nose
function: transverse wrinkles
compressor nairs origin insertion and function
origin: maxilla lateral to the nose
insertion: aponeurosis over the dorsum of the nose
function: compression of apertures of the nose
dialator naris origin insertion and function
origin: maxilla over the lateral incisors
insertion: alar cartilages
function: nasal apertures dialation
depressor septi origin insertion and function
origin: maxilla over medial incisor
insertion: lower mobile part of nasal septum
function: pulls nose inferiorly
orbicularis oculi origin insertion and function
origin of intrinsic fiber: sup incisivus from maxilla inf incisivus from mandible
origin of extrinsic fiber: thickest middle stratum from buccinator , thick superficial stratum from depressor and elevators of lips and angles of the mouth
insertion of intrinsic: angle of the mouth
insertion of extrinsic: lips and angle of the mouth
function: protudes the lips, closes lips and various types of grimaces
buccinator origin insertion and function
origin: upper fibers from maxilla oppsite molar teeth
lower fiber: mandible opposiye molar teeth
middle fibers: pterygomandibular raphe
insertion: upper fiber to upper lips
lower fiber to lower lips
middle fibers decussate
function: flattens the cheek against the gum so food doesnt get accumulated and whisteling muscle
levator labii superioris alaeque origin insertion and function
origin: frontal process of maxilla
insertion: upper lip and alar cartilage of nose
function: lifts the upper lip and dialates the nostrils
zygomaticus major origin insertion and function
origin: pst part of lateral surface of zygomatic arch
insertion: angle of the mouth
function: lifts the angle of the mouth as in smiling
levator labii superioris origin insertion and function
origin: infraorbital margin
insertion: upper lateral half of upper lip
origin: lifts the upper lip and forms the nasiolabial groove
levator anguli oris origin insertion and function
origin: maxilla below infraoribital margin
insertion: angle of the mouth
functions: lifts the angle of the mouth forms nasiolabial groove
zygomaticus minor origin insertion and function
origin: ant part of lateral surface of zygomatic arch
insertion: upper lip medial to angle of the mouth
funcion: elevates the upper lip
depressor anguli oris origin insertion and function
origin: oblique line of mandibile blow first molar premolar canine
insertion: angle of the mouth
function draws the angle of the mouth downwads and laterally
depressor labii inferioris origin insertion and function
origin: ant part of the oblqiue line
insertion: middle part of lower lip
function: draws the lower lip downwards
mentalis origin insertion and function
origin: mandible below incisors
insertion: skin of the chin
function: elevates the protrudes the lower lip as the skin of the skin wrinkle
risorius origin insertion and function
origin: fascia of masseter muscle
insertion: angle of the mouth
function: retracts the angle of the mouth
platysma origin insertion and function
origin: deltoid and pectoral fascia
insertion: ant fibers to the base of the mandible
pst fiber lower part of the face lower lip
functions: releases pressure on the skin on subjacent veins, depreeses the mandible and pulls the angle of the mouth downwards
motor nerve supply of face
facial nerve branches:
temporal: orbicularis oculi, auricular muscle and frontalis
zygomatic: orbicularis oculi ( lower eyelid)
buccal: muscles of the cheek and upper lip
marginal mandibular: lower lip
cervical: platysma
what is bells palsy and what nerve is damaged
balls palsy is when there is infranuclear lesion of the facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen causes paralysis of the upper and lower part of the same side of the face and makes the face assymetrical/
cutenous nerves of the face are
opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
maxillary division
mandibular devision
cervical plexus
ophthalmic division cutaneous nerve and area of distribution
- external nasal- lower part of dorsum and tip of nose
- infratrochlear- medial parts of both eyelids
- supraorbital- upper eyelids, frontal air sinus and scalp
- lacrimal- lateral parts of upper eyelid
- supratrochlear- upper eyelids and forehead
maxillary division cutaneous nerve and area of distribution
- infraoriital- lower eyelids, upper lip and lateral part of the nose
- zygomaticofacial- upper part if the cheel
- zygomatciotemporal- anterior temporal region
mandibular division cutaneous nerve and area of distribution
- auricotemporal- upper 2/3rd of auricular and temporal region
- buccal- lower part of the cheek
- mental nerve- skin over the skin
cervical plexus cutaneous nerve and area of distribution
- ant division of great auricular nerve (c2 and c3)- skin over the angle of the jaw and over the parotid gland
- uppper division of ant cutaneous nerve of the neck (c2 and c3)- lower margin of the jaw
facial artery is branch of what artery and its furthur branches (ARTERIES OF FACE)
branch of external carotid artery
- inferior labial - lower lip
- superior labia- upper lip and anterinferior part of nasal septum
- lateral nasal- ala and dorsum of the nose
facial artery anastomose
anterior division anastomose with same arteries from opposie side and mental artery
pst division with transverse facial and infraorbiral
and terminal branches anastomose with branches of opthalmic artery
terminal branch of facial artery
angular artery
transverse facial artery is a branch of what artery and what does it supply
branc of superficial temporal artery and supplies the parotid gland, duct and masseter
deep communications of facial ven
communication with supraorbital and superior ophthalmic
communication of deep facial vein and pteygoid plexus
dangerous area of the facei
upper lip and lower part of the nose
facial vein communicates with the cavernous sinus though emissary vein and thats how infections spread and cause thrombosis
connection between cavernous sinus and facial vein
facial vein- deep facial vein- pterygoid plexus- emissary vein- cavernous sinus
drainage into preauricular lymph nodes
greater part of the forehead, later part of eyelids, conjunctiva, parotid area, lateral part of the cheeks
drainage into submandibular
medial part of the forhead, external nose, medial part of upper lips, lateral part of lower lips, greater part of the lower jaw, medial part of the cheeks
submental lymph nodes drainage
chin and lower lip
