larynx Flashcards
location of larynx
as well as in men and female
anterior midline of neck from the root of the tongue to the trachea
in male at the level of c3-c6
and in female at the level of c1-c4
unpaired cartilages of larynx
thyroid ( shield like)
cricoid ( ring like)
epiglottis ( leaf like )
pair cartilages
arytenoid (cup shaped)
cuneiform (weged shape)
corniculate (HORN shapes)
largest laryngreal cartilage
thyroid cartilage
laryngeal promminence
the lower part of anterior border’s right and left lamina fuse to form laryngeal prominence which is called adams apple
thyroid notch
upper part of anterior borders does not meet and make the thyroid notch
supper cornue
articulates with greater cornua of hyoid bone and thyrohyoid ligament
inferior cornua
articulates with cricoid cartilages and circothyroid joint
conus elasticus
the inferior border of thyroid cartlage is attached to the cricoid cartlage thorught the conus elasticus
oblique line attachment
thyrohyoid
sterothyroid
thyropharyngeus
attachments of thyroid gland:along the posterior border
salphingopharyngeus
stylopharyngeus
palatophyrangeus
inner aspect of thyroid cartilages is attached
median thyroepiglottic ligament thyroepiglottic muscles vestibular fold vocal fold thyroarytenoid vocalis muscle on each side
what is the foundation stone of larynx
cricoid cartilage
atttachements of crioid catilage
anterior of arch: cricothyroid (tensor of vocal cord)
anterolateral: lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (adductor of vocal cord )
lamina: posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
safety muscle is
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
epiglottis
is lead like
upper end projects upward to hyoid bone and tongue lower border is attached to the laryngeal emminence with thyroepiglottic ligament
attachments of epiglottis
on the lateral sides it is attached to aryepiglottic folds
to the tongue through median glossoepiglottic
function of thyroepiglottic and aryepiglottic
thyroepiglottic muscle: keeps the inlet of larynx open for breathing
aryepiglottic: keeps the inlet closed during swalloing
attachments of cricoid catilages
vocal folds with vocalis muscle
vestibular fold
posteriorly to posterior cricoarytenoid (saftey muscle)
anteriorly to lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (adductor of vocal cord )
transverse arytenoid
quadrate membrane
attached between thyroid, epiglottis and arytenoid
corniculate cartilage is present
at the posterior part of aryepiglottic fold
cuneiform
present in the aryepiglottic folds
laryngeal ligaments extrinsic
thyrohyoid membrane
hyoepiglottic ligament
cricotracheal ligament
laryngeal ligaments intrinsic
quadrate membrane
conus elasticus
quadrate membrane forms two things
upper border makes the aryepiglottic fold
and lower border makes vestibular fold
conus elasticus
anteriorly makes cricothyroid ligament
upper free border makes vocal fold
thyrohyoid membrane supply
internal laryngeal nerves
superior laryngeal vessels
joints
cricothyroid - rotatory movemnt around trasnverse axis
tensor and relaxer of vocal cords
cricoarytenoid- rotatory movemnet around vertical axis
adductor and abductor of vocal cors
sacculae of the larynx is also called as the
oil can of the larynx cause it secrets mucous through mucous glands helps to lubricate vocal cords
what parts of the larynx is covered by stratified squamous epithelium
anterior, upper half of posterior surface of epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds and vocal cords
Nerve supply of intrinsic muscles
recurrent laryngeal nerve
Except to cricothyroid which is supplied by external laryngeal nerve
Posterior cricoarytenoid movement
it moves medially pushes the vocal process laterally caused abduction of vocal cords
Lateral cricoarytenoid and arytenoid
muscular process moves forward and laterally while the vocal process moves medially adducting the vocal cords
Posterior cricoarytenoid origins and insertion
Origin: Posterior surface of lamina of cricoid
Insertion: Posterior surface of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
Only abductor of larynx is
posterior cricoaytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid origin and insertion
Origin: Lateral part of upper border of arch of criocoid
Insertio: Anterior aspect of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
(ADDUCTOR)
Transverse arytenoid origin and insertion
origin: Posterior surface of one arytenoid
Insertion: Posterior surface of another arytenoid
(ADDUCTOR)
Oblique arytenoid and aryepiglottic origin and insertion
muscular process of one arytenoid and apex of other arytenoid
these fibers may continue as aryepiglottic muscle (CLOSING OF EPIGLOTTIS
thyroarytenoid and thyroepigottic origin and insertion:
origin: thyroid angle and adjacent cricotyroid ligament
insertion : anterolateral surface of arytenoid
some fibers curve upwards and make the thyroepiglottic muscle
(opening of epiglottis)
vocalis origin and insertion
origin: vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
insertion: vocal ligament of angle of thyroid cartilage
Only muscle present outside the larynx
cricothyroid
Origin and insertion of cricothyroid
origin: Lower and lateral surface of the cricoid
Insertion: Inferior cornua and lower body of thyroid cartilage tuning fork of larynx
origin and insertion of posterior criocoaytenoid
origin: posterior surface of the lamina of cricoid
insertion: posterior aspect of muscular process of arytenoid
ONLY ABDUCTOR
later cricoarytenoid origin and insertion
origin: lateral part of upper border of arch of cricoid
insertion: anterior aspect of muscular process of arytenoid
(ADDUCTOR)
Transverse arytenoid origin and insertion
origin: posterior aspect of one arytenoid
insertion: posterior surface of another arytenoid
(adductor)
oblique arytenoid and aryepiglottic origin and insertion
origin: MUSUCLAR process of one arytenoid
insertion: apex of another arytenoid
some fibers may continue as aryepiglottic muscle
thyroarytenoid and thyroepiglottic origin and insertion
origin: thryoid angle and adjacent cricothyroid ligament
insertion: anterolateral aspect of arytenoid some fibers curve upwards and continue as thyroepiglottic
vocalis origin and insertion
origin: vocal process of arytenoid
insertion: vocal ligament and thyroid angle
relaxer of vocal cords
thyroarytenoid vocalis
muscle that close the inlet of larynx
oblique arytenoid
and aryepiglottic
muscles that open the inlet
thyroepiglotticus
arterial supply and venous drainage upto vocal cords
superior laryngeal artery and a branch of superior thyroid artery
superior laryngeal vein drains into superior thyroid vein
arterial supply and venous drainage below vocal cords
inferior laryngeal artery and a branch of inferior thyroid artery
inferior laryngeal vein drains into inferior thyroid vein
motor supply
recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies all the msucles except cricothyroid which is supllied by external laryngeal
sensory supply
upto vocal cords: internal laryngeal to mucous membrane
below vocal cords: recurrent laryngeal
lymphatic drainages
above vocal cords to anteriorsuperior part of deep cervical nodes
below vocals cords to posteriorinferior part of deep cervical nodes
DAMAGE to internal laryngeal causes
anesthesia of mucous membrane of more foreign substances increases
phonation due to loss of tightening of cricothyroid on the vocal cord
extern laryngeal nerve
complete loss of voice
damage to recurrent laryngeal nerves
hoarseness of voice
when one recurrent laryngeal nerve is damaged opposite vocal cord compensates for it
piriform fossa
it is present between the quadrate membrane and median surafce of thyroid cartilage and it is known as the smugglers fossa
mucous membrane of larynx is supplied by
vagus nerve through reccurent laryngeal or superior laryngeal nerves
