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larynx Flashcards

1
Q

location of larynx

as well as in men and female

A

anterior midline of neck from the root of the tongue to the trachea
in male at the level of c3-c6
and in female at the level of c1-c4

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2
Q

unpaired cartilages of larynx

A

thyroid ( shield like)
cricoid ( ring like)
epiglottis ( leaf like )

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3
Q

pair cartilages

A

arytenoid (cup shaped)
cuneiform (weged shape)
corniculate (HORN shapes)

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4
Q

largest laryngreal cartilage

A

thyroid cartilage

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5
Q

laryngeal promminence

A

the lower part of anterior border’s right and left lamina fuse to form laryngeal prominence which is called adams apple

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6
Q

thyroid notch

A

upper part of anterior borders does not meet and make the thyroid notch

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7
Q

supper cornue

A

articulates with greater cornua of hyoid bone and thyrohyoid ligament

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8
Q

inferior cornua

A

articulates with cricoid cartilages and circothyroid joint

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9
Q

conus elasticus

A

the inferior border of thyroid cartlage is attached to the cricoid cartlage thorught the conus elasticus

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10
Q

oblique line attachment

A

thyrohyoid
sterothyroid
thyropharyngeus

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11
Q

attachments of thyroid gland:along the posterior border

A

salphingopharyngeus
stylopharyngeus
palatophyrangeus

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12
Q

inner aspect of thyroid cartilages is attached

A 
median thyroepiglottic ligament 
thyroepiglottic muscles
vestibular fold
vocal fold 
thyroarytenoid 
vocalis muscle on each side
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13
Q

what is the foundation stone of larynx

A

cricoid cartilage

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14
Q

atttachements of crioid catilage

A

anterior of arch: cricothyroid (tensor of vocal cord)

anterolateral: lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (adductor of vocal cord )
lamina: posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

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15
Q

safety muscle is

A

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

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16
Q

epiglottis

A

is lead like
upper end projects upward to hyoid bone and tongue lower border is attached to the laryngeal emminence with thyroepiglottic ligament

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17
Q

attachments of epiglottis

A

on the lateral sides it is attached to aryepiglottic folds

to the tongue through median glossoepiglottic

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18
Q

function of thyroepiglottic and aryepiglottic

A

thyroepiglottic muscle: keeps the inlet of larynx open for breathing
aryepiglottic: keeps the inlet closed during swalloing

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19
Q

attachments of cricoid catilages

A

vocal folds with vocalis muscle
vestibular fold
posteriorly to posterior cricoarytenoid (saftey muscle)
anteriorly to lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (adductor of vocal cord )
transverse arytenoid

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20
Q

quadrate membrane

A

attached between thyroid, epiglottis and arytenoid

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21
Q

corniculate cartilage is present

A

at the posterior part of aryepiglottic fold

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22
Q

cuneiform

A

present in the aryepiglottic folds

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23
Q

laryngeal ligaments extrinsic

A

thyrohyoid membrane
hyoepiglottic ligament
cricotracheal ligament

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24
Q

laryngeal ligaments intrinsic

A

quadrate membrane

conus elasticus

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25
quadrate membrane forms two things
upper border makes the aryepiglottic fold | and lower border makes vestibular fold
26
conus elasticus
anteriorly makes cricothyroid ligament | upper free border makes vocal fold
27
thyrohyoid membrane supply
internal laryngeal nerves | superior laryngeal vessels
28
joints
cricothyroid - rotatory movemnt around trasnverse axis tensor and relaxer of vocal cords cricoarytenoid- rotatory movemnet around vertical axis adductor and abductor of vocal cors
29
sacculae of the larynx is also called as the
oil can of the larynx cause it secrets mucous through mucous glands helps to lubricate vocal cords
30
what parts of the larynx is covered by stratified squamous epithelium
anterior, upper half of posterior surface of epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds and vocal cords
31
Nerve supply of intrinsic muscles
recurrent laryngeal nerve | Except to cricothyroid which is supplied by external laryngeal nerve
32
Posterior cricoarytenoid movement
it moves medially pushes the vocal process laterally caused abduction of vocal cords
33
Lateral cricoarytenoid and arytenoid
muscular process moves forward and laterally while the vocal process moves medially adducting the vocal cords
34
Posterior cricoarytenoid origins and insertion
Origin: Posterior surface of lamina of cricoid Insertion: Posterior surface of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
35
Only abductor of larynx is
posterior cricoaytenoid
36
Lateral cricoarytenoid origin and insertion
Origin: Lateral part of upper border of arch of criocoid Insertio: Anterior aspect of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage (ADDUCTOR)
37
Transverse arytenoid origin and insertion
origin: Posterior surface of one arytenoid Insertion: Posterior surface of another arytenoid (ADDUCTOR)
38
Oblique arytenoid and aryepiglottic origin and insertion
muscular process of one arytenoid and apex of other arytenoid these fibers may continue as aryepiglottic muscle (CLOSING OF EPIGLOTTIS
39
thyroarytenoid and thyroepigottic origin and insertion:
origin: thyroid angle and adjacent cricotyroid ligament insertion : anterolateral surface of arytenoid some fibers curve upwards and make the thyroepiglottic muscle (opening of epiglottis)
40
vocalis origin and insertion
origin: vocal process of arytenoid cartilage insertion: vocal ligament of angle of thyroid cartilage
41
Only muscle present outside the larynx
cricothyroid
42
Origin and insertion of cricothyroid
origin: Lower and lateral surface of the cricoid Insertion: Inferior cornua and lower body of thyroid cartilage tuning fork of larynx
43
origin and insertion of posterior criocoaytenoid
origin: posterior surface of the lamina of cricoid insertion: posterior aspect of muscular process of arytenoid ONLY ABDUCTOR
44
later cricoarytenoid origin and insertion
origin: lateral part of upper border of arch of cricoid insertion: anterior aspect of muscular process of arytenoid (ADDUCTOR)
45
Transverse arytenoid origin and insertion
origin: posterior aspect of one arytenoid insertion: posterior surface of another arytenoid (adductor)
46
oblique arytenoid and aryepiglottic origin and insertion
origin: MUSUCLAR process of one arytenoid insertion: apex of another arytenoid some fibers may continue as aryepiglottic muscle
47
thyroarytenoid and thyroepiglottic origin and insertion
origin: thryoid angle and adjacent cricothyroid ligament insertion: anterolateral aspect of arytenoid some fibers curve upwards and continue as thyroepiglottic
48
vocalis origin and insertion
origin: vocal process of arytenoid insertion: vocal ligament and thyroid angle
49
relaxer of vocal cords
thyroarytenoid vocalis
50
muscle that close the inlet of larynx
oblique arytenoid | and aryepiglottic
51
muscles that open the inlet
thyroepiglotticus
52
arterial supply and venous drainage upto vocal cords
superior laryngeal artery and a branch of superior thyroid artery superior laryngeal vein drains into superior thyroid vein
53
arterial supply and venous drainage below vocal cords
inferior laryngeal artery and a branch of inferior thyroid artery inferior laryngeal vein drains into inferior thyroid vein
54
motor supply
recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies all the msucles except cricothyroid which is supllied by external laryngeal
55
sensory supply
upto vocal cords: internal laryngeal to mucous membrane | below vocal cords: recurrent laryngeal
56
lymphatic drainages
above vocal cords to anteriorsuperior part of deep cervical nodes below vocals cords to posteriorinferior part of deep cervical nodes
57
DAMAGE to internal laryngeal causes
anesthesia of mucous membrane of more foreign substances increases
58
phonation due to loss of tightening of cricothyroid on the vocal cord
extern laryngeal nerve
59
complete loss of voice
damage to recurrent laryngeal nerves
60
hoarseness of voice
when one recurrent laryngeal nerve is damaged opposite vocal cord compensates for it
61
piriform fossa
it is present between the quadrate membrane and median surafce of thyroid cartilage and it is known as the smugglers fossa
62
mucous membrane of larynx is supplied by
vagus nerve through reccurent laryngeal or superior laryngeal nerves

gross anatomy (16 decks)

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