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gross anatomy > contents of orbit > Flashcards

contents of orbit Flashcards

1
Q

vessels of orbit

A

ophthalmic artery, superior and inferior ophthalmic vein

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2
Q

orbital septim

A

on upper and lower margin orbital fascia sends of flap like continuations to the eyelids called orbital septum

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3
Q

suspensory ligament

A

tenons capsule lower part is thickened made from the union of margin of sheaths of inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscle
and lateral and medial check ligament

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4
Q

extraocular muscles: voluntary

A 
1. four recti:
superior rectus
inferior rectus
medial and lateral rectus 
2.two oblique:
superior and inferior oblique 
levator palpebral superioris elevates the upper eyelid
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5
Q

extraocular muscles: involuntary

A

superior tarsal deeper portion of levator palpebral superioris and inserted into upper margin of sup tarsus
elevates the eye
inferior tarsal extends from fascial fascia of inferior rectus and inferior oblique and inserted into inf tarsus
depresses the lower eyelid
orbitalis bridges inferior orbital fissure

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6
Q

four recti arises from and its location

A

they arise from tendinous ring of zinn and its in the middle and superior orbital fissure

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7
Q

lateral rectus additional head

A

tendisnous head with arsis from orbital surface of the greater wing of sphenoid
abducent nerve passes between the two heads

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8
Q

origin and superior obliqe

A

undersurface of the lesser wing of sphenoid superiormedial to optic canal

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9
Q

origin of inferior oblique

A

body of the maxilla lateral to lacrimal grove

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10
Q

origin and levator palberal superioris

A

orbital surface of the lesser wing of sphenoid anteriorsuperior to optic canal and to the origin of superior rectus

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11
Q

insetion of recti

A

posterior to limbus into the sclera

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12
Q

insertion of superior oblique

A

tendon of superior oblique passes through a fibrocartilaginous pulley and attches to the trochlear fossa of frontal bone
passes laterally downward and backward below the superior rectus attaches to sclera behind the equator of eye ball between the superior and lateral rectus.

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13
Q

inferior oblique insertion

A

passes laterally upwards and backwards below the inferior rectus deep to lateral rectus and near the superior oblique but below and posterior

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14
Q

levator labbi superioris insertion

A

tendon divides into 2 superior (voluntary)
inferior (involunatry)
superior attaches to anterior margin of sup tarsus
and inferior attaches to upper margin of sup tarsus

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15
Q

nerve supply of voluntary muscles

A
  1. superior oblique (IV) trochlear
  2. lateral rectus (VI) Abducent
    and the rest of them which is medial inferior superior rectus and inferior oblique and a part of levator palpebral is supplied by oculomotor
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16
Q

elevation of eyeball

A

superior rectus

inferior oblique

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17
Q

depression of eyeball

A

inferior rectus

superior oblique

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18
Q

medial roation adduction

A

medial inferior and superior rectus

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19
Q

lateral rotation abduction

A

lateral rectus superior and inferior oblique

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20
Q

intorsion

A

superior rectus and oblique

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21
Q

extorsion

A

inferior rectus and inferior oblique

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22
Q

terminal branches of oculomotor artery

A

supratrochlear and dorsal nasal

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23
Q

branches of oculomotor artery

A

central artery of retina and after piercing dura matter it gives lacrimal artery

24
Q

central retinal artery

A

first is below optic nerve then peirces the dura matter of the nerve and runs forward till it reaches optic disk
end artery
occlusion of this artery results in blindness

25
Q

branches from lacrimal artery

A
  1. branches to lacrimal gland
  2. 2 zygomatic branches
  3. lateral palpebral to supply eyelids
  4. a recurrent meningeal artery which leaves the medial cranial fossa through superior orbital fissure
  5. branch to muscles of orbit
26
Q

branches from main trunk of ophthalmic artery

A
  1. posterior cilliary ( long and short) supplied iris and choroid
    anterior cilliary which given from the branches supplying the muscles
  2. supratrochlear and supraorbital supllies the skin of forehead
    3,. ant and post ethmoidal suplllies ethmoidal air sinuses and a branch of ant ethmoidal supplies a part of your nose
  3. lateral palberal supplies eye lids
  4. dorsal nasal supplies upper part of your nose
27
Q

opthalmic veins

A

sup ophthalmic: above ophthalmic nerve passes through superior orbital fissure and drains into cavernous sinus
communicates anteriorly with supraorbital and angular vein
in ophthalmic: below ophthalmic nerve branches off from lacrimal sac, eyelids, orbital muscles either joins with superior ophthalmic or drains into cavernous sinus
communicates with pterygoid plexus of vein’s by passing through inferior orbital fissure

28
Q

lymphatics of orbit

A

preauricular lymph nodes

29
Q

nerves of the orbit

A
  1. optic (II)
  2. ciliary ganglion
  3. oculomotor and trochlear (III AND IV)
  4. branches of ophthalmic (V1) and maxillary divisions of trigeminal (V2)
  5. abducent (VI)
  6. sympathetic nerves
30
Q

optic nerve relations to orbit

A
  1. apex of eyeball the nerve is surrounded by recti muscles ciliary gnaglio is present between lateral rectus and optic nerve
  2. central artery and vein of retina pierces the nerve
  3. superiorly crossed by ophthalmic artery nasocilliary nerve and superior ophthalmic vein
  4. inferiorly crossed by nerve to medial rectus
  5. near eyeball nerve is surrounded by fat which has cilliary nerve and vessels
31
Q

spread of infection to cavernous sinus

A

due to anastomose of facial veins fand ophtlamic veins from the orbital and nasal regions

32
Q

optic neuritis

A

pain in or behind the eye on ocular movements

papilleoedema is less but loss of vision is more

33
Q

papilloedema

A

when optic disc is swelled up

34
Q

retrobulbar neuritis

A

when there is no papilloedema only loss of vision then it retrobulbar neuritis

35
Q

ciliary ganglion roots

A

parasympathetic, sensory and sympathetic

36
Q

parasympathetic ciliary ganglion roots

A

arsises from the nerve to inferior oblique
preganglionic fibers that begin in ediger westphal nuscleus relay in the ganglion
post ganglionic passthrough short cilliary nerves and supply the sphincter pupillae and ciliaris

37
Q

sensory root of ciliary ganglion

A

arises from nasocilliary nerve and does not relay

38
Q

sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion

A

arsis from internal carotid sheath
postganglionic arsis from the superior cervical ganglion
they leave from short ciliary nerves and supply the blood vessels of eyeball and dilator papillae

39
Q

ophthalmic divisions of trigeminal nerve

A
  1. frontal - supra orbital and supra trochlear
  2. nasociliiary- branches to nasociliary ganglion
    2-3 long cilliary nerves
    ant and post ethmoidal
    infratrochlear
  3. lacrimal - branch to upper eyelid and secretomotor to the lacrimal gland
40
Q

lacrimal nerve

A

enters the orbit through lateral part of superior orbital fissure
anteriorly has communication with zygomaticotempora ( recieves its secretomotor fibers to gland though greater petrosal through communication with zygomaticotemporal)
supplies upper eyelid, conjunctiva and the gland
to the gland it has sensory fibers

41
Q

frontal nerve

A

largest division of trigeminal
enters the orbit through the lateral part of superior orbital fissure
divides into supratrochlear and supra orbital

42
Q

supratrochlear

A

leave the orbit above the trochlea

supplies the upper eyelids, conjunctiva and the skin on the forehead above the root of the nose

43
Q

supraorbital

A

emerges from the orbit through supraorbital foramen divides into medial and lateral branches
supplies the conjunctiva, central part of upper eyelid, skin over the forehead upto the vertex or lambdoid suture and frontal air sinuses

44
Q

nasociliary nerve enters orbit thorugh and terminal branches are

A

medial part of superior orbital fissure and terminal branches are infra trochlear and anterior ethmoidal

45
Q

communicating branch to nasocilliary ganglion

A

makes the sensory root often mixed with sympathetic root

46
Q

long cilliary fibers

A

supply sensory fibers to cornea, iris ciliary body and also trasmit some sympathetic fibers to dilator pupillae

47
Q

posterior ethmoidal

A

leave through posterior ethmoidal foramena nd supply the ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses

48
Q

infratrochlear

A

emerges though the anterior ethmoidal foramen and supplies the conjunctiva, lacrimal sac, caruncle, medial ends of eye lids and upper part of the external nose

49
Q

anterior ethmoidal

A

emerges from anterior ethmoidal foramen goes into the nose through a slit in the side of crista gali gives off two internal nasal branches medial and lateral to mucosae of the nose
and comes off from the lower part of the nose as external nasal and supplies the lower half of the nose

50
Q

infraorbital nerve

A

branch of maxillary nerve
enters the orbit through inferior orbital fissure runs on the roof of maxillary sinus then to infraorbiral groove, canal and then entrs the face through infraorbital formaen and gives off palpebral nasal and labial branches

51
Q

branches of IO nerve

A

middle superior alveolar nerve
anterior superior alveolar nerve
terminal branches: labial nasal and palpebral

52
Q

middle superioe alveolar nerve

A

arises from infraorbital grove and supplies the upper premolar teeth

53
Q

anterior superior alveolar nerve

A

arises from infraorbital canal and supplies the upper incisors and canines, maxillary sinus and anteroinferior part of nose where it communicates with the anter ethmoidal and anterior palatine nerves

54
Q

terminal branches of IO

A

supplies a great part of face and the mucosa’s membrane of upper lip and cheek

55
Q

zygomatic nerve

A

branch of maxillary nerve given off the pterygopalatine fossa
gives off 2 branches zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial
and the communicating branch to lacrimal gland which has secretomotor fibers are given off from the zygomaticotemporal branch

56
Q

dialator puppilae of iris is supplied by

A

ophthalmic nerve, nasocilliary and long cialiary nerve

57
Q

other sympathetic nerves enter the orbit

A

plexus around opthalmic artery
directly thoigh internal carotid sheath enters through superior orbital fissure and goes to the ciliary ganglion
filaments through oculomotor, abducent, opthalmic and trochlear

gross anatomy (16 decks)

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